add event log and event write-ahead-log routines

NOTICE.txt

@@ -58,3 +58,25 @@ https://github.com/jcustenborder/netty-codec-syslog
 as of 30 October, 2023
 
 License: Apache 2.0
+
+----------------
+
+The work in org.xbib.event.wal is based upon org.apache.nifi.wali
+
+https://github.com/apache/nifi/tree/main/nifi-commons/nifi-write-ahead-log
+
+as of 4 January, 2024
+
+License: Apache 2.0
+
+-----------------
+
+The work in org.xbib.event.log is based upon com.vlkan.rfos by Volkan Yazıcı <volkan@yazi.ci>
+
+https://github.com/vy/rotating-fos
+
+as of June, 2021
+
+License: Apache 2.0
+
+-----------------

gradle.properties

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 group = org.xbib
 name = event
-version = 0.0.9
+version = 0.0.10

settings.gradle

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
             version('gradle', '8.5')
             version('datastructures', '5.0.6')
             version('netty', '4.1.104.Final')
-            version('net', '4.0.3')
+            version('net', '4.0.4')
             library('netty-handler', 'io.netty', 'netty-handler').versionRef('netty')
             library('net', 'org.xbib', 'net').versionRef('net')
             library('datastructures-common', 'org.xbib', 'datastructures-common').versionRef('datastructures')

src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module org.xbib.event {
     exports org.xbib.event.io;
     exports org.xbib.event.io.file;
     exports org.xbib.event.io.path;
+    exports org.xbib.event.log;
     exports org.xbib.event.loop.selector;
     exports org.xbib.event.loop;
     exports org.xbib.event.persistence;
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ module org.xbib.event {
     exports org.xbib.event.syslog;
     exports org.xbib.event.timer;
     exports org.xbib.event.util;
+    exports org.xbib.event.wal;
     exports org.xbib.event.yield;
     exports org.xbib.event;
     requires io.netty.buffer;

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/ByteCountingOutputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+public class ByteCountingOutputStream extends OutputStream {
+
+    private final OutputStream outputStream;
+
+    private long size;
+
+    public ByteCountingOutputStream(OutputStream outputStream, long size) {
+        this.outputStream = outputStream;
+        this.size = size;
+    }
+
+    public long size() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b);
+        size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b);
+        size += b.length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b, off, len);
+        size += len;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+        outputStream.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        outputStream.close();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/CharCountingWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+public class CharCountingWriter extends Writer {
+
+    private final Writer writer;
+
+    private long size;
+
+    public CharCountingWriter(Writer writer, long size) {
+        this.writer = writer;
+        this.size = size;
+    }
+
+    public long size() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        writer.write(b);
+        size++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        writer.write(cbuf, off, len);
+        size += len;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+        writer.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        writer.close();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/Clock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public interface Clock {
+
+    Instant now();
+
+    Instant midnight();
+
+    Instant sundayMidnight();
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/DailyRotationPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public class DailyRotationPolicy extends TimeBasedRotationPolicy {
+
+    public DailyRotationPolicy() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Instant getTriggerInstant(Clock clock) {
+        return clock.midnight();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "DailyRotationPolicy";
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/LoggingRotationListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public class LoggingRotationListener implements RotationListener {
+
+    private static final LoggingRotationListener INSTANCE = new LoggingRotationListener();
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LoggingRotationListener.class.getName());
+
+    private LoggingRotationListener() {
+    }
+
+    public static LoggingRotationListener getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onTrigger(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) {
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("rotation trigger policy={0}, instant={1}", policy, instant));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onOpen(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) {
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("open policy={0}, instant={1}", policy, instant));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onClose(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) {
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("close policy={0}, instant={1}", policy, instant));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onSuccess(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path) {
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("rotation success policy={0}, instant={1}, path={2}", policy, instant, path));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onFailure(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path, Throwable throwable) {
+        String message = MessageFormat.format("rotation failure policy={0}, instant={1}, file={2}", policy, instant, path);
+        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, message, throwable);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/Rotatable.java

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public interface Rotatable {
+
+    RotationConfig getConfig();
+
+    void rotate(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) throws IOException;
+
+    void onException(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path, Throwable throwable);
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotatingFileOutputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+public class RotatingFileOutputStream extends OutputStream implements Rotatable {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(RotatingFileOutputStream.class.getName());
+
+    private final RotationConfig config;
+
+    private final List<RotationPolicy> writeSensitivePolicies;
+
+    private final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor scheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+
+    private volatile ByteCountingOutputStream byteCountingOutputStream;
+
+    public RotatingFileOutputStream(RotationConfig config) throws IOException {
+        this(config, createDefaultExecutorService());
+    }
+
+    public RotatingFileOutputStream(RotationConfig config, ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor scheduledThreadPoolExecutor) throws IOException {
+        this.config = config;
+        this.scheduledThreadPoolExecutor = scheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
+        this.writeSensitivePolicies = config.getPolicies().stream().filter(RotationPolicy::isWriteSensitive).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        this.byteCountingOutputStream = open(null, config.getClock().now());
+        startPolicies();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rotate(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
+        RotationListener listener = config.getListener();
+        listener.onTrigger(policy, instant);
+        byteCountingOutputStream.flush();
+        if (Files.size(config.getPath()) == 0) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("empty file, skipping rotation {path={}}", config.getPath()));
+            return;
+        }
+        listener.onClose(policy, instant);
+        byteCountingOutputStream.close();
+        Path rotated = config.getFilePattern().create(instant);
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("renaming {file={0}, rotatedFile={1}}", config.getPath(), rotated));
+        Files.move(config.getPath(), rotated);
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("re-opening file {path={0}}", config.getPath()));
+        byteCountingOutputStream = open(policy, instant);
+        if (config.isCompress()) {
+            compress(policy, instant, rotated, listener);
+            return;
+        }
+        listener.onSuccess(policy, instant, rotated);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onException(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path, Throwable throwable) {
+        config.getListener().onFailure(policy, instant, path, throwable);
+    }
+
+    private void compress(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path rotated, RotationListener listener) {
+        scheduledThreadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            Path compressed = Paths.get(rotated + ".gz");
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("compressing {rotated={}, compressed={}}", rotated, compressed));
+            try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(rotated);
+                 GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(compressed))) {
+                inputStream.transferTo(gzipOutputStream);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                listener.onFailure(policy, instant, rotated, e);
+            }
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("deleting old file {rotated={}}", rotated));
+            try {
+                Files.delete(rotated);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                listener.onFailure(policy, instant, rotated, e);
+            }
+            listener.onSuccess(policy, instant, compressed);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RotationConfig getConfig() {
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        long byteCount = byteCountingOutputStream.size() + 1;
+        notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(byteCount);
+        byteCountingOutputStream.write(b);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+        long byteCount = byteCountingOutputStream.size() + b.length;
+        notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(byteCount);
+        byteCountingOutputStream.write(b);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        long byteCount = byteCountingOutputStream.size() + len;
+        notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(byteCount);
+        byteCountingOutputStream.write(b, off, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
+        byteCountingOutputStream.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
+        config.getListener().onClose(null, config.getClock().now());
+        if (byteCountingOutputStream != null) {
+            byteCountingOutputStream.close();
+            byteCountingOutputStream = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor createDefaultExecutorService() {
+        final AtomicInteger threadCount = new AtomicInteger();
+        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(4, runnable -> {
+            Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "file-rotation-" + threadCount.getAndIncrement());
+            thread.setDaemon(true);
+            return thread;
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void startPolicies() {
+        for (RotationPolicy policy : config.getPolicies()) {
+            policy.start(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ByteCountingOutputStream open(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream fileOutputStream = config.isAppend() && Files.exists(config.getPath()) ?
+                Files.newOutputStream(config.getPath(), StandardOpenOption.APPEND) :
+                Files.newOutputStream(config.getPath());
+        config.getListener().onOpen(policy, instant);
+        long size = config.isAppend() ? Files.size(config.getPath()) : 0;
+        return new ByteCountingOutputStream(fileOutputStream, size);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(long byteCount) {
+        for (RotationPolicy writeSensitivePolicy : writeSensitivePolicies) {
+            writeSensitivePolicy.acceptWrite(byteCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "RotatingFileOutputStream " + config.getPath();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotatingFilePattern.java

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+public class RotatingFilePattern {
+
+    private static final char ESCAPE_CHAR = '%';
+
+    private static final char DATE_TIME_DIRECTIVE_CHAR = 'd';
+
+    private static final char DATE_TIME_BLOCK_START_CHAR = '{';
+
+    private static final char DATE_TIME_BLOCK_END_CHAR = '}';
+
+    private interface Field {
+
+        void render(StringBuilder builder, Instant instant);
+
+    }
+
+    private static class TextField implements Field {
+
+        private final String text;
+
+        private TextField(String text) {
+            this.text = text;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void render(StringBuilder builder, Instant ignored) {
+            builder.append(text);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static class DateTimeField implements Field {
+
+        private final DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter;
+
+        private DateTimeField(DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter) {
+            this.dateTimeFormatter = dateTimeFormatter;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void render(StringBuilder builder, Instant instant) {
+            String formattedDateTime = dateTimeFormatter.format(instant);
+            builder.append(formattedDateTime);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private final String pattern;
+
+    private final Locale locale;
+
+    private final ZoneId timeZoneId;
+
+    private final List<Field> fields;
+
+    private RotatingFilePattern(Builder builder) {
+        this.pattern = builder.pattern;
+        this.locale = builder.locale;
+        this.timeZoneId = builder.timeZoneId;
+        this.fields = readPattern(pattern, locale, timeZoneId);
+    }
+
+    private static List<Field> readPattern(String pattern, Locale locale, ZoneId timeZoneId) {
+
+        List<Field> fields = new LinkedList<>();
+        StringBuilder textBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        int totalCharCount = pattern.length();
+        boolean foundDateTimeDirective = false;
+        for (int charIndex = 0; charIndex < totalCharCount;) {
+
+            char c0 = pattern.charAt(charIndex);
+            if (c0 == ESCAPE_CHAR) {
+
+                // Check if escape character is escaped.
+                boolean hasOneMoreChar = (totalCharCount - charIndex - 1) > 0;
+                if (hasOneMoreChar) {
+                    char c1 = pattern.charAt(charIndex + 1);
+                    if (c1 == ESCAPE_CHAR) {
+                        textBuilder.append(c1);
+                        charIndex += 2;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Append collected text so far, if there is any.
+                if (textBuilder.length() > 0) {
+                    String text = textBuilder.toString();
+                    TextField field = new TextField(text);
+                    fields.add(field);
+                    textBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+                }
+
+                // Try to read the directive.
+                boolean hasSufficientDateTimeChars = (totalCharCount - charIndex - 3) > 0;
+                if (hasSufficientDateTimeChars) {
+                    char c1 = pattern.charAt(charIndex + 1);
+                    if (c1 == DATE_TIME_DIRECTIVE_CHAR) {
+                        int blockStartIndex = charIndex + 2;
+                        char c2 = pattern.charAt(blockStartIndex);
+                        if (c2 == DATE_TIME_BLOCK_START_CHAR) {
+                            int blockEndIndex = pattern.indexOf(DATE_TIME_BLOCK_END_CHAR, blockStartIndex + 1);
+                            if (blockEndIndex >= 0) {
+                                String dateTimePattern = pattern.substring(blockStartIndex + 1, blockEndIndex);
+                                DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter;
+                                try {
+                                    dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter
+                                            .ofPattern(dateTimePattern)
+                                            .withLocale(locale)
+                                            .withZone(timeZoneId);
+                                } catch (Exception error) {
+                                    String message = String.format(
+                                            "invalid date time pattern (position=%d, pattern=%s, dateTimePattern=%s)",
+                                            charIndex, pattern, dateTimePattern);
+                                    throw new RotatingFilePatternException(message, error);
+                                }
+                                DateTimeField dateTimeField = new DateTimeField(dateTimeFormatter);
+                                fields.add(dateTimeField);
+                                foundDateTimeDirective = true;
+                                charIndex = blockEndIndex + 1;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                // Escape character leads to a dead end.
+                String message = String.format("invalid escape character (position=%d, pattern=%s)", charIndex, pattern);
+                throw new RotatingFilePatternException(message);
+
+            } else {
+                textBuilder.append(c0);
+                charIndex += 1;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        // Append collected text so far, if there is any.
+        if (textBuilder.length() > 0) {
+            String text = textBuilder.toString();
+            TextField field = new TextField(text);
+            fields.add(field);
+        }
+
+        // Bail out if could not locate any date time directives.
+        if (!foundDateTimeDirective) {
+            String message = String.format("missing date time directive (pattern=%s)", pattern);
+            throw new RotatingFilePatternException(message);
+        }
+
+        // Return collected fields so far.
+        return fields;
+
+    }
+
+    public Path create(Instant instant) {
+        StringBuilder pathNameBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Field field : fields) {
+            field.render(pathNameBuilder, instant);
+        }
+        String pathName = pathNameBuilder.toString();
+        return Paths.get(pathName);
+    }
+
+    public String getPattern() {
+        return pattern;
+    }
+
+    public Locale getLocale() {
+        return locale;
+    }
+
+    public ZoneId getTimeZoneId() {
+        return timeZoneId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object instance) {
+        if (this == instance) return true;
+        if (instance == null || getClass() != instance.getClass()) return false;
+        RotatingFilePattern that = (RotatingFilePattern) instance;
+        return Objects.equals(pattern, that.pattern) &&
+                Objects.equals(locale, that.locale) &&
+                Objects.equals(timeZoneId, that.timeZoneId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(pattern, locale, timeZoneId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("RotatingFilePattern{pattern=%s, locale=%s, timeZoneId=%s}", pattern, locale, timeZoneId);
+    }
+
+    public static Builder builder() {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public static final class Builder {
+
+        private String pattern;
+
+        private Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
+
+        private ZoneId timeZoneId = TimeZone.getDefault().toZoneId();
+
+        private Builder() {}
+
+        public Builder pattern(String pattern) {
+            this.pattern = pattern;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder locale(Locale locale) {
+            this.locale = locale;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder timeZoneId(ZoneId timeZoneId) {
+            this.timeZoneId = timeZoneId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RotatingFilePattern build() {
+            validate();
+            return new RotatingFilePattern(this);
+        }
+
+        private void validate() {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(pattern, "file");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(locale, "locale");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(timeZoneId, "timeZoneId");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotatingFilePatternException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class RotatingFilePatternException extends IllegalArgumentException {
+
+    public RotatingFilePatternException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+
+    public RotatingFilePatternException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        super(message, cause);
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotatingFileWriter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+public class RotatingFileWriter extends Writer implements Rotatable {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(RotatingFileWriter.class.getName());
+
+    private final RotationConfig config;
+
+    private final List<RotationPolicy> writeSensitivePolicies;
+
+    private volatile CharCountingWriter charCountingWriter;
+
+    public RotatingFileWriter(RotationConfig config) throws IOException {
+        this.config = config;
+        Objects.requireNonNull(config.getScheduler());
+        this.writeSensitivePolicies = config.getPolicies().stream().filter(RotationPolicy::isWriteSensitive).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        this.charCountingWriter = open(null, config.getClock().now());
+        startPolicies();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rotate(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(instant, "instant");
+        RotationListener listener = config.getListener();
+        listener.onTrigger(policy, instant);
+        charCountingWriter.flush();
+        if (Files.size(config.getPath()) == 0) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("empty file, skipping rotation {path={}}", config.getPath()));
+            return;
+        }
+        listener.onClose(policy, instant);
+        charCountingWriter.close();
+        Path rotated = config.getFilePattern().create(instant);
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("renaming {file={0}, rotated={1}}", config.getPath(), rotated));
+        Files.move(config.getPath(), rotated);
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("re-opening {path={0}}", config.getPath()));
+        charCountingWriter = open(policy, instant);
+        if (config.isCompress()) {
+            compress(policy, instant, rotated, listener);
+            return;
+        }
+        listener.onSuccess(policy, instant, rotated);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onException(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path, Throwable throwable) {
+        config.getListener().onFailure(policy, instant, path, throwable);
+    }
+
+    private void compress(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path rotated, RotationListener listener) {
+        config.getScheduler().execute(() -> {
+            Path compressed = Paths.get(rotated + ".gz");
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("compressing {rotated={}, compressed={}}", rotated, compressed));
+            try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(rotated);
+                 GZIPOutputStream gzipOutputStream = new GZIPOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(compressed))) {
+                inputStream.transferTo(gzipOutputStream);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                listener.onFailure(policy, instant, compressed, e);
+                return;
+            }
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("deleting old file {rotated={}}", rotated));
+            try {
+                Files.delete(rotated);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                listener.onFailure(policy, instant, compressed, e);
+                return;
+            }
+            listener.onSuccess(policy, instant, compressed);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RotationConfig getConfig() {
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        long byteCount = charCountingWriter.size() + 1;
+        notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(byteCount);
+        charCountingWriter.write(b);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        long byteCount = charCountingWriter.size() + len;
+        notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(byteCount);
+        charCountingWriter.write(cbuf, off, len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
+        charCountingWriter.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
+        config.getListener().onClose(null, config.getClock().now());
+        if (charCountingWriter != null) {
+            charCountingWriter.close();
+            charCountingWriter = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startPolicies() {
+        for (RotationPolicy policy : config.getPolicies()) {
+            policy.start(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private CharCountingWriter open(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant) throws IOException {
+        Writer writer = config.isAppend() && Files.exists(config.getPath())?
+                Files.newBufferedWriter(config.getPath(), StandardOpenOption.APPEND) :
+                Files.newBufferedWriter(config.getPath());
+        config.getListener().onOpen(policy, instant);
+        long size = config.isAppend() ? Files.size(config.getPath()) : 0;
+        return new CharCountingWriter(writer, size);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyWriteSensitivePolicies(long byteCount) {
+        for (RotationPolicy writeSensitivePolicy : writeSensitivePolicies) {
+            writeSensitivePolicy.acceptWrite(byteCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "RotatingFileOutputStream " + config.getPath();
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotationConfig.java

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+
+public class RotationConfig {
+
+    private final Path path;
+
+    private final RotatingFilePattern filePattern;
+
+    private final ScheduledExecutorService executorService;
+
+    private final Collection<RotationPolicy> policies;
+
+    private final boolean append;
+
+    private final boolean compress;
+
+    private final Clock clock;
+
+    private final RotationListener rotationListener;
+
+    private RotationConfig(Builder builder) {
+        this.path = builder.path;
+        this.filePattern = builder.filePattern;
+        this.executorService = builder.executorService;
+        this.policies = builder.policies;
+        this.append = builder.append;
+        this.compress = builder.compress;
+        this.clock = builder.clock;
+        this.rotationListener = builder.listener;
+    }
+
+    public Path getPath() {
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    public RotatingFilePattern getFilePattern() {
+        return filePattern;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<RotationPolicy> getPolicies() {
+        return policies;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAppend() {
+        return append;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isCompress() {
+        return compress;
+    }
+
+    public Clock getClock() {
+        return clock;
+    }
+
+    public RotationListener getListener() {
+        return rotationListener;
+    }
+
+    public ScheduledExecutorService getScheduler() {
+        return executorService;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object instance) {
+        if (this == instance) return true;
+        if (instance == null || getClass() != instance.getClass()) return false;
+        RotationConfig that = (RotationConfig) instance;
+        return append == that.append &&
+                compress == that.compress &&
+                Objects.equals(path, that.path) &&
+                Objects.equals(filePattern, that.filePattern) &&
+                Objects.equals(executorService, that.executorService) &&
+                Objects.equals(policies, that.policies) &&
+                Objects.equals(clock, that.clock) &&
+                Objects.equals(rotationListener, that.rotationListener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(path, filePattern, executorService, policies, append, compress, clock, rotationListener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("RotationConfig{path=%s}", path);
+    }
+
+    public static Builder builder() {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder {
+
+        private Path path;
+
+        private RotatingFilePattern filePattern;
+
+        private ScheduledExecutorService executorService;
+
+        private Collection<RotationPolicy> policies;
+
+        private boolean append;
+
+        private boolean compress;
+
+        private Clock clock;
+
+        private RotationListener listener;
+
+        private Builder() {
+            this.append = true;
+            this.clock = SystemClock.getInstance();
+            this.listener = LoggingRotationListener.getInstance();
+        }
+
+        public Builder path(Path path) {
+            this.path = path;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder path(String fileName) {
+            this.path = Paths.get(fileName);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder filePattern(RotatingFilePattern filePattern) {
+            this.filePattern = filePattern;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder filePattern(String filePattern) {
+            this.filePattern = RotatingFilePattern.builder().pattern(filePattern).build();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder executorService(ScheduledExecutorService executorService) {
+            this.executorService = executorService;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder policies(Collection<RotationPolicy> policies) {
+            this.policies = policies;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder policy(RotationPolicy policy) {
+            if (policies == null) {
+                policies = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+            }
+            policies.add(policy);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder append(boolean append) {
+            this.append = append;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder compress(boolean compress) {
+            this.compress = compress;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder clock(Clock clock) {
+            this.clock = clock;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder listener(RotationListener listener) {
+            this.listener = listener;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RotationConfig build() {
+            validate();
+            return new RotationConfig(this);
+        }
+
+        private void validate() {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(path, "path");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(filePattern, "filePattern");
+            if (policies == null || policies.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty policies");
+            }
+            Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "clock");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "callback");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotationListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public interface RotationListener {
+
+    void onTrigger(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant);
+
+    void onOpen(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant);
+
+    void onClose(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant);
+
+    void onSuccess(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path);
+
+    void onFailure(RotationPolicy policy, Instant instant, Path path, Throwable throwable);
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/RotationPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+public interface RotationPolicy {
+
+    void start(Rotatable rotatable);
+
+    boolean isWriteSensitive();
+
+    void acceptWrite(long byteCount);
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/SizeBasedRotationPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public class SizeBasedRotationPolicy implements RotationPolicy {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SizeBasedRotationPolicy.class.getName());
+
+    private final long maxByteCount;
+
+    private Rotatable rotatable;
+
+    public SizeBasedRotationPolicy(long maxByteCount) {
+        if (maxByteCount < 1) {
+            String message = String.format("invalid size {maxByteCount=%d}", maxByteCount);
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(message);
+        }
+        this.maxByteCount = maxByteCount;
+    }
+
+    public long getMaxByteCount() {
+        return maxByteCount;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWriteSensitive() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void acceptWrite(long byteCount) {
+        if (byteCount > maxByteCount) {
+            Instant instant =  rotatable.getConfig().getClock().now();
+            try {
+                rotatable.rotate(this, instant);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                rotatable.onException(this, instant, rotatable.getConfig().getPath(), e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start(Rotatable rotatable) {
+        this.rotatable = rotatable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object instance) {
+        if (this == instance) return true;
+        if (instance == null || getClass() != instance.getClass()) return false;
+        SizeBasedRotationPolicy that = (SizeBasedRotationPolicy) instance;
+        return maxByteCount == that.maxByteCount;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(maxByteCount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("SizeBasedRotationPolicy{maxByteCount=%d}", maxByteCount);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/SystemClock.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+
+public class SystemClock implements Clock {
+
+    private static final SystemClock INSTANCE = new SystemClock();
+
+    public SystemClock() {
+    }
+
+    public static SystemClock getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant now() {
+        return Instant.now();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant midnight() {
+        Instant instant = now();
+        ZonedDateTime utcInstant = instant.atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+        return LocalDate
+                .from(utcInstant)
+                .atStartOfDay()
+                .plusDays(1)
+                .toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant sundayMidnight() {
+        Instant instant = now();
+        ZonedDateTime utcInstant = instant.atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC"));
+        LocalDateTime todayStart = LocalDate.from(utcInstant).atStartOfDay();
+        int todayIndex = todayStart.getDayOfWeek().getValue() - 1;
+        int sundayOffset = 7 - todayIndex;
+        return todayStart
+                .plusDays(sundayOffset)
+                .toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/TimeBasedRotationPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public abstract class TimeBasedRotationPolicy implements RotationPolicy {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeBasedRotationPolicy.class.getName());
+
+    public TimeBasedRotationPolicy() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWriteSensitive() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void acceptWrite(long byteCount) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start(Rotatable rotatable) {
+        RotationConfig config = rotatable.getConfig();
+        Clock clock = config.getClock();
+        Instant currentInstant = clock.now();
+        Instant triggerInstant = getTriggerInstant(clock);
+        long triggerDelayMillis = Duration.between(currentInstant, triggerInstant).toMillis();
+        Runnable task = () -> {
+            try {
+                rotatable.rotate(TimeBasedRotationPolicy.this, triggerInstant);
+                start(rotatable);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, e.getMessage(), e);
+                rotatable.onException(this, currentInstant, rotatable.getConfig().getPath(), e);
+            }
+        };
+        config.getScheduler().schedule(task, triggerDelayMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract Instant getTriggerInstant(Clock clock);
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/log/WeeklyRotationPolicy.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.xbib.event.log;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+public class WeeklyRotationPolicy extends TimeBasedRotationPolicy {
+
+    public WeeklyRotationPolicy() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Instant getTriggerInstant(Clock clock) {
+        return clock.sundayMidnight();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "WeeklyRotationPolicy";
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/BlockingQueuePool.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+public class BlockingQueuePool<T> implements ObjectPool<T> {
+    private final BlockingQueue<T> queue;
+    private final Supplier<T> creationFunction;
+    private final Predicate<T> reuseCheck;
+    private final Consumer<T> returnPreparation;
+
+    public BlockingQueuePool(final int maxSize, final Supplier<T> creationFunction, final Predicate<T> reuseCheck, final Consumer<T> returnPreparation) {
+        this.queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(maxSize);
+        this.creationFunction = creationFunction;
+        this.reuseCheck = reuseCheck;
+        this.returnPreparation = returnPreparation;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T borrowObject() {
+        final T existing = queue.poll();
+        if (existing != null) {
+            return existing;
+        }
+
+        return creationFunction.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void returnObject(final T somethingBorrowed) {
+        if (reuseCheck.test(somethingBorrowed)) {
+            returnPreparation.accept(somethingBorrowed);
+            queue.offer(somethingBorrowed);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/ByteArrayDataOutputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * A wrapper around a DataOutputStream, which wraps a ByteArrayOutputStream.
+ * This allows us to obtain the DataOutputStream itself so that we can perform
+ * writeXYZ methods and also allows us to obtain the underlying ByteArrayOutputStream
+ * for performing methods such as size(), reset(), writeTo()
+ */
+public class ByteArrayDataOutputStream {
+    private final ByteArrayOutputStream baos;
+    private final DataOutputStream dos;
+
+    public ByteArrayDataOutputStream(final int initialBufferSize) {
+        this.baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(initialBufferSize);
+        this.dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
+    }
+
+    public DataOutputStream getDataOutputStream() {
+        return dos;
+    }
+
+    public ByteArrayOutputStream getByteArrayOutputStream() {
+        return baos;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/ByteCountingInputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+public class ByteCountingInputStream extends InputStream {
+
+    private final InputStream in;
+    private long bytesRead = 0L;
+    private long bytesSkipped = 0L;
+
+    private long bytesReadSinceMark = 0L;
+    private long bytesSkippedSinceMark = 0L;
+
+    public ByteCountingInputStream(final InputStream in) {
+        this.in = in;
+    }
+
+    public ByteCountingInputStream(final InputStream in, final long initialOffset) {
+        this.in = in;
+        this.bytesSkipped = initialOffset;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+        final int fromSuper = in.read();
+        if (fromSuper >= 0) {
+            bytesRead++;
+            bytesReadSinceMark++;
+        }
+        return fromSuper;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        final int fromSuper = in.read(b, off, len);
+        if (fromSuper >= 0) {
+            bytesRead += fromSuper;
+            bytesReadSinceMark += fromSuper;
+        }
+
+        return fromSuper;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+        return read(b, 0, b.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long skip(final long n) throws IOException {
+        final long skipped = in.skip(n);
+        if (skipped >= 0) {
+            bytesSkipped += skipped;
+            bytesSkippedSinceMark += skipped;
+        }
+        return skipped;
+    }
+
+    public long getBytesRead() {
+        return bytesRead;
+    }
+
+    public long getBytesSkipped() {
+        return bytesSkipped;
+    }
+
+    public long getBytesConsumed() {
+        return getBytesRead() + getBytesSkipped();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void mark(final int readlimit) {
+        in.mark(readlimit);
+
+        bytesReadSinceMark = 0L;
+        bytesSkippedSinceMark = 0L;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean markSupported() {
+        return in.markSupported();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() throws IOException {
+        in.reset();
+        bytesRead -= bytesReadSinceMark;
+        bytesSkipped -= bytesSkippedSinceMark;
+
+        bytesReadSinceMark = 0L;
+        bytesSkippedSinceMark = 0L;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int available() throws IOException {
+        return in.available();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/HashMapSnapshot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public class HashMapSnapshot<T> implements WriteAheadSnapshot<T>, RecordLookup<T> {
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HashMapSnapshot.class.getName());
+    private static final int ENCODING_VERSION = 1;
+
+    private final ConcurrentMap<Object, T> recordMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory;
+    private final Set<String> swapLocations = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<>());
+    private final File storageDirectory;
+
+    public HashMapSnapshot(final File storageDirectory, final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory) {
+        this.serdeFactory = serdeFactory;
+        this.storageDirectory = storageDirectory;
+    }
+
+    private SnapshotHeader validateHeader(final DataInputStream dataIn) throws IOException {
+        final String snapshotClass = dataIn.readUTF();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Snapshot Class Name for {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, snapshotClass));
+        if (!snapshotClass.equals(HashMapSnapshot.class.getName())) {
+            throw new IOException("Write-Ahead Log Snapshot located at " + storageDirectory + " was written using the "
+                + snapshotClass + " class; cannot restore using " + getClass().getName());
+        }
+
+        final int snapshotVersion = dataIn.readInt();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Snapshot version for {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, snapshotVersion));
+        if (snapshotVersion > getVersion()) {
+            throw new IOException("Write-Ahead Log Snapshot located at " + storageDirectory + " was written using version "
+                + snapshotVersion + " of the " + snapshotClass + " class; cannot restore using Version " + getVersion());
+        }
+
+        final String serdeEncoding = dataIn.readUTF(); // ignore serde class name for now
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Serde encoding for Snapshot at {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, serdeEncoding));
+
+        final int serdeVersion = dataIn.readInt();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Serde version for Snapshot at {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, serdeVersion));
+
+        final long maxTransactionId = dataIn.readLong();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Max Transaction ID for Snapshot at {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, maxTransactionId));
+
+        final int numRecords = dataIn.readInt();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Number of Records for Snapshot at {0} is {1}",
+                storageDirectory, numRecords));
+
+        final SerDe<T> serde = serdeFactory.createSerDe(serdeEncoding);
+        serde.readHeader(dataIn);
+
+        return new SnapshotHeader(serde, serdeVersion, maxTransactionId, numRecords);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SnapshotRecovery<T> recover() throws IOException {
+        final File partialFile = getPartialFile();
+        final File snapshotFile = getSnapshotFile();
+        final boolean partialExists = partialFile.exists();
+        final boolean snapshotExists = snapshotFile.exists();
+
+        // If there is no snapshot (which is the case before the first snapshot is ever created), then just
+        // return an empty recovery.
+        if (!partialExists && !snapshotExists) {
+            return SnapshotRecovery.emptyRecovery();
+        }
+
+        if (partialExists && snapshotExists) {
+            // both files exist -- assume NiFi crashed/died while checkpointing. Delete the partial file.
+            Files.delete(partialFile.toPath());
+        } else if (partialExists) {
+            // partial exists but snapshot does not -- we must have completed
+            // creating the partial, deleted the snapshot
+            // but crashed before renaming the partial to the snapshot. Just
+            // rename partial to snapshot
+            Files.move(partialFile.toPath(), snapshotFile.toPath());
+        }
+
+        if (snapshotFile.length() == 0) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> MessageFormat.format("{0} Found 0-byte Snapshot file; skipping Snapshot file in recovery",
+                    this));
+            return SnapshotRecovery.emptyRecovery();
+        }
+
+        // At this point, we know the snapshotPath exists because if it didn't, then we either returned null
+        // or we renamed partialPath to snapshotPath. So just Recover from snapshotPath.
+        try (final DataInputStream dataIn = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(snapshotFile)))) {
+            // Ensure that the header contains the information that we expect and retrieve the relevant information from the header.
+            final SnapshotHeader header = validateHeader(dataIn);
+
+            final SerDe<T> serde = header.getSerDe();
+            final int serdeVersion = header.getSerDeVersion();
+            final int numRecords = header.getNumRecords();
+            final long maxTransactionId = header.getMaxTransactionId();
+
+            // Read all of the records that we expect to receive.
+            for (int i = 0; i < numRecords; i++) {
+                final T record = serde.deserializeRecord(dataIn, serdeVersion);
+                if (record == null) {
+                    throw new EOFException();
+                }
+
+                final UpdateType updateType = serde.getUpdateType(record);
+                if (updateType == UpdateType.DELETE) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "While recovering from snapshot, found record with type 'DELETE'; this record will not be restored");
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, () -> MessageFormat.format("Recovered from snapshot: {0}", record));
+                recordMap.put(serde.getRecordIdentifier(record), record);
+            }
+
+            // Determine the location of any swap files.
+            final int numSwapRecords = dataIn.readInt();
+            final Set<String> swapLocations = new HashSet<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < numSwapRecords; i++) {
+                swapLocations.add(dataIn.readUTF());
+            }
+            this.swapLocations.addAll(swapLocations);
+
+            logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("{0} restored {1} Records and {2} Swap Files from Snapshot, ending with Transaction ID {3}",
+                this, numRecords, swapLocations.size(), maxTransactionId));
+
+            return new StandardSnapshotRecovery<>(recordMap, swapLocations, snapshotFile, maxTransactionId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void update(final Collection<T> records) {
+        // This implementation of Snapshot keeps a ConcurrentHashMap of all 'active' records
+        // (meaning records that have not been removed and are not swapped out), keyed by the
+        // Record Identifier. It keeps only the most up-to-date version of the Record. This allows
+        // us to write the snapshot very quickly without having to re-process the journal files.
+        // For each update, then, we will update the record in the map.
+        for (final T record : records) {
+            final Object recordId = serdeFactory.getRecordIdentifier(record);
+            final UpdateType updateType = serdeFactory.getUpdateType(record);
+
+            switch (updateType) {
+                case DELETE:
+                    recordMap.remove(recordId);
+                    break;
+                case SWAP_OUT:
+                    final String location = serdeFactory.getLocation(record);
+                    if (location == null) {
+                        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> "Received Record (ID=" + recordId + ") with UpdateType of SWAP_OUT but "
+                            + "no indicator of where the Record is to be Swapped Out to; these records may be "
+                            + "lost when the repository is restored!");
+                    } else {
+                        recordMap.remove(recordId);
+                        this.swapLocations.add(location);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case SWAP_IN:
+                    final String swapLocation = serdeFactory.getLocation(record);
+                    if (swapLocation == null) {
+                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, () -> "Received Record (ID=" + recordId + ") with UpdateType of SWAP_IN but no "
+                            + "indicator of where the Record is to be Swapped In from; these records may be duplicated "
+                            + "when the repository is restored!");
+                    } else {
+                        swapLocations.remove(swapLocation);
+                    }
+                    recordMap.put(recordId, record);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    recordMap.put(recordId, record);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getRecordCount() {
+        return recordMap.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T lookup(final Object recordId) {
+        return recordMap.get(recordId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SnapshotCapture<T> prepareSnapshot(final long maxTransactionId) {
+        return prepareSnapshot(maxTransactionId, this.swapLocations);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SnapshotCapture<T> prepareSnapshot(final long maxTransactionId, final Set<String> swapFileLocations) {
+        return new Snapshot(new HashMap<>(recordMap), new HashSet<>(swapFileLocations), maxTransactionId);
+    }
+
+    private int getVersion() {
+        return ENCODING_VERSION;
+    }
+
+    private File getPartialFile() {
+        return new File(storageDirectory, "checkpoint.partial");
+    }
+
+    private File getSnapshotFile() {
+        return new File(storageDirectory, "checkpoint");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void writeSnapshot(final SnapshotCapture<T> snapshot) throws IOException {
+        final SerDe<T> serde = serdeFactory.createSerDe(null);
+
+        final File snapshotFile = getSnapshotFile();
+        final File partialFile = getPartialFile();
+
+        // We must ensure that we do not overwrite the existing Snapshot file directly because if NiFi were
+        // to be killed or crash when we are partially finished, we'd end up with no viable Snapshot file at all.
+        // To avoid this, we write to a 'partial' file, then delete the existing Snapshot file, if it exists, and
+        // rename 'partial' to Snaphsot. That way, if NiFi crashes, we can still restore the Snapshot by first looking
+        // for a Snapshot file and restoring it, if it exists. If it does not exist, then we restore from the partial file,
+        // assuming that NiFi crashed after deleting the Snapshot file and before renaming the partial file.
+        //
+        // If there is no Snapshot file currently but there is a Partial File, then this indicates
+        // that we have deleted the Snapshot file and failed to rename the Partial File. We don't want
+        // to overwrite the Partial file, because doing so could potentially lose data. Instead, we must
+        // first rename it to Snapshot and then write to the partial file.
+        if (!snapshotFile.exists() && partialFile.exists()) {
+            final boolean rename = partialFile.renameTo(snapshotFile);
+            if (!rename) {
+                throw new IOException("Failed to rename partial snapshot file " + partialFile + " to " + snapshotFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Write to the partial file.
+        try (final FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(getPartialFile());
+            final OutputStream bufferedOut = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOut);
+            final DataOutputStream dataOut = new DataOutputStream(bufferedOut)) {
+
+            // Write out the header
+            dataOut.writeUTF(HashMapSnapshot.class.getName());
+            dataOut.writeInt(getVersion());
+            dataOut.writeUTF(serde.getClass().getName());
+            dataOut.writeInt(serde.getVersion());
+            dataOut.writeLong(snapshot.getMaxTransactionId());
+            dataOut.writeInt(snapshot.getRecords().size());
+            serde.writeHeader(dataOut);
+
+            // Serialize each record
+            for (final T record : snapshot.getRecords().values()) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, () -> MessageFormat.format("Checkpointing {0}", record));
+                serde.serializeRecord(record, dataOut);
+            }
+
+            // Write out the number of swap locations, followed by the swap locations themselves.
+            dataOut.writeInt(snapshot.getSwapLocations().size());
+            for (final String swapLocation : snapshot.getSwapLocations()) {
+                dataOut.writeUTF(swapLocation);
+            }
+
+            // Ensure that we flush the Buffered Output Stream and then perform an fsync().
+            // This ensures that the data is fully written to disk before we delete the existing snapshot.
+            dataOut.flush();
+            fileOut.getChannel().force(false);
+        }
+
+        // If the snapshot file exists, delete it
+        if (snapshotFile.exists()) {
+            if (!snapshotFile.delete()) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "Unable to delete existing Snapshot file " + snapshotFile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Rename the partial file to Snapshot.
+        final boolean rename = partialFile.renameTo(snapshotFile);
+        if (!rename) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to rename partial snapshot file " + partialFile + " to " + snapshotFile);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public class Snapshot implements SnapshotCapture<T> {
+        private final Map<Object, T> records;
+        private final long maxTransactionId;
+        private final Set<String> swapLocations;
+
+        public Snapshot(final Map<Object, T> records, final Set<String> swapLocations, final long maxTransactionId) {
+            this.records = records;
+            this.swapLocations = swapLocations;
+            this.maxTransactionId = maxTransactionId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public final Map<Object, T> getRecords() {
+            return records;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public long getMaxTransactionId() {
+            return maxTransactionId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Set<String> getSwapLocations() {
+            return swapLocations;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class SnapshotHeader {
+        private final SerDe<T> serde;
+        private final int serdeVersion;
+        private final int numRecords;
+        private final long maxTransactionId;
+
+        public SnapshotHeader(final SerDe<T> serde, final int serdeVersion, final long maxTransactionId, final int numRecords) {
+            this.serde = serde;
+            this.serdeVersion = serdeVersion;
+            this.maxTransactionId = maxTransactionId;
+            this.numRecords = numRecords;
+        }
+
+        public SerDe<T> getSerDe() {
+            return serde;
+        }
+
+        public int getSerDeVersion() {
+            return serdeVersion;
+        }
+
+        public long getMaxTransactionId() {
+            return maxTransactionId;
+        }
+
+        public int getNumRecords() {
+            return numRecords;
+        }
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/JournalRecovery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public interface JournalRecovery {
+
+    int getUpdateCount();
+
+    long getMaxTransactionId();
+
+    boolean isEOFExceptionEncountered();
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/JournalSummary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public interface JournalSummary {
+    /**
+     * @return the Transaction ID of the first transaction written
+     */
+    long getFirstTransactionId();
+
+    /**
+     * @return the Transaction ID of the last transaction written
+     */
+    long getLastTransactionId();
+
+    /**
+     * @return the number of transactions that were written to the journal
+     */
+    int getTransactionCount();
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/LengthDelimitedJournal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+public class LengthDelimitedJournal<T> implements WriteAheadJournal<T> {
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LengthDelimitedJournal.class.getName());
+    private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_IN_HEAP_SERIALIZATION_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024; // 5 MB
+
+    private static final JournalSummary INACTIVE_JOURNAL_SUMMARY = new StandardJournalSummary(-1L, -1L, 0);
+    private static final int JOURNAL_ENCODING_VERSION = 1;
+    private static final byte TRANSACTION_FOLLOWS = 64;
+    private static final byte JOURNAL_COMPLETE = 127;
+    private static final int NUL_BYTE = 0;
+
+    private final File journalFile;
+    private final File overflowDirectory;
+    private final long initialTransactionId;
+    private final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory;
+    private final ObjectPool<ByteArrayDataOutputStream> streamPool;
+    private final int maxInHeapSerializationBytes;
+
+    private SerDe<T> serde;
+    private FileOutputStream fileOut;
+    private BufferedOutputStream bufferedOut;
+
+    private long currentTransactionId;
+    private int transactionCount;
+    private boolean headerWritten = false;
+
+    private volatile Throwable poisonCause = null;
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
+    private final ByteBuffer transactionPreamble = ByteBuffer.allocate(12); // guarded by synchronized block
+
+    public LengthDelimitedJournal(final File journalFile, final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory, final ObjectPool<ByteArrayDataOutputStream> streamPool, final long initialTransactionId) {
+        this(journalFile, serdeFactory, streamPool, initialTransactionId, DEFAULT_MAX_IN_HEAP_SERIALIZATION_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    public LengthDelimitedJournal(final File journalFile, final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory, final ObjectPool<ByteArrayDataOutputStream> streamPool, final long initialTransactionId,
+                                  final int maxInHeapSerializationBytes) {
+        this.journalFile = journalFile;
+        this.overflowDirectory = new File(journalFile.getParentFile(), "overflow-" + getBaseFilename(journalFile));
+        this.serdeFactory = serdeFactory;
+        this.serde = serdeFactory.createSerDe(null);
+        this.streamPool = streamPool;
+
+        this.initialTransactionId = initialTransactionId;
+        this.currentTransactionId = initialTransactionId;
+        this.maxInHeapSerializationBytes = maxInHeapSerializationBytes;
+    }
+
+    public void dispose() {
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Deleting Journal {0} because it is now encapsulated in the latest Snapshot",
+                journalFile.getName()));
+        if (!journalFile.delete() && journalFile.exists()) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "Unable to delete expired journal file " + journalFile + "; this file should be deleted manually.");
+        }
+
+        if (overflowDirectory.exists()) {
+            final File[] overflowFiles = overflowDirectory.listFiles();
+            if (overflowFiles == null) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "Unable to obtain listing of files that exist in 'overflow directory' " + overflowDirectory
+                    + " - this directory and any files within it can now be safely removed manually");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (final File overflowFile : overflowFiles) {
+                if (!overflowFile.delete() && overflowFile.exists()) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "After expiring journal file " + journalFile + ", unable to remove 'overflow file' " + overflowFile + " - this file should be removed manually");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!overflowDirectory.delete()) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "After expiring journal file " + journalFile + ", unable to remove 'overflow directory' " + overflowDirectory + " - this file should be removed manually");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String getBaseFilename(final File file) {
+        final String name = file.getName();
+        final int index = name.lastIndexOf(".");
+        if (index < 0) {
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        return name.substring(0, index);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized OutputStream getOutputStream() throws FileNotFoundException {
+        if (fileOut == null) {
+            fileOut = new FileOutputStream(journalFile);
+            bufferedOut = new BufferedOutputStream(fileOut);
+        }
+
+        return bufferedOut;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized boolean isHealthy() {
+        return !closed && !isPoisoned();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPoisoned() {
+        return poisonCause != null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void writeHeader() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            final DataOutputStream outStream = new DataOutputStream(getOutputStream());
+            outStream.writeUTF(LengthDelimitedJournal.class.getName());
+            outStream.writeInt(JOURNAL_ENCODING_VERSION);
+
+            serde = serdeFactory.createSerDe(null);
+            outStream.writeUTF(serde.getClass().getName());
+            outStream.writeInt(serde.getVersion());
+
+            try (final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                final DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos)) {
+
+                serde.writeHeader(dos);
+                dos.flush();
+
+                final int serdeHeaderLength = baos.size();
+                outStream.writeInt(serdeHeaderLength);
+                baos.writeTo(outStream);
+            }
+
+            outStream.flush();
+        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+            poison(t);
+
+            final IOException ioe = (t instanceof IOException) ? (IOException) t : new IOException("Failed to create journal file " + journalFile, t);
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, MessageFormat.format("Failed to create new journal file {0} due to {1}",
+                    journalFile, ioe.toString()), ioe);
+            throw ioe;
+        }
+
+        headerWritten = true;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized SerDeAndVersion validateHeader(final DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        final String journalClassName = in.readUTF();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Write Ahead Log Class Name for {0} is {1}",
+                journalFile, journalClassName));
+        if (!LengthDelimitedJournal.class.getName().equals(journalClassName)) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid header information - " + journalFile + " does not appear to be a valid journal file.");
+        }
+
+        final int encodingVersion = in.readInt();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Encoding version for {0} is {1}",
+                journalFile, encodingVersion));
+        if (encodingVersion > JOURNAL_ENCODING_VERSION) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot read journal file " + journalFile + " because it is encoded using veresion " + encodingVersion
+                + " but this version of the code only understands version " + JOURNAL_ENCODING_VERSION + " and below");
+        }
+
+        final String serdeClassName = in.readUTF();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Serde Class Name for {0} is {1}",
+                journalFile, serdeClassName));
+        final SerDe<T> serde;
+        try {
+            serde = serdeFactory.createSerDe(serdeClassName);
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException iae) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot read journal file " + journalFile + " because the serializer/deserializer used was " + serdeClassName
+                + " but this repository is configured to use a different type of serializer/deserializer");
+        }
+
+        final int serdeVersion = in.readInt();
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> "Serde version is " + serdeVersion);
+        if (serdeVersion > serde.getVersion()) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot read journal file " + journalFile + " because it is encoded using veresion " + encodingVersion
+                + " of the serializer/deserializer but this version of the code only understands version " + serde.getVersion() + " and below");
+        }
+
+        final int serdeHeaderLength = in.readInt();
+        final InputStream serdeHeaderIn = new LimitingInputStream(in, serdeHeaderLength);
+        final DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(serdeHeaderIn);
+        serde.readHeader(dis);
+
+        return new SerDeAndVersion(serde, serdeVersion);
+    }
+
+
+    // Visible/overrideable for testing.
+    protected void createOverflowDirectory(final Path path) throws IOException {
+        Files.createDirectories(path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void update(final Collection<T> records, final RecordLookup<T> recordLookup) throws IOException {
+        if (!headerWritten) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot update journal file " + journalFile + " because no header has been written yet.");
+        }
+
+        if (records.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        checkState();
+
+        File overflowFile = null;
+        final ByteArrayDataOutputStream bados = streamPool.borrowObject();
+
+        try {
+            FileOutputStream overflowFileOut = null;
+
+            try {
+                DataOutputStream dataOut = bados.getDataOutputStream();
+                for (final T record : records) {
+                    final Object recordId = serde.getRecordIdentifier(record);
+                    final T previousRecordState = recordLookup.lookup(recordId);
+                    serde.serializeEdit(previousRecordState, record, dataOut);
+
+                    final int size = bados.getByteArrayOutputStream().size();
+                    if (serde.isWriteExternalFileReferenceSupported() && size > maxInHeapSerializationBytes) {
+                        if (!overflowDirectory.exists()) {
+                            createOverflowDirectory(overflowDirectory.toPath());
+                        }
+
+                        // If we have exceeded our threshold for how much to serialize in memory,
+                        // flush the in-memory representation to an 'overflow file' and then update
+                        // the Data Output Stream that is used to write to the file also.
+                        overflowFile = new File(overflowDirectory, UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+                        final String overflowFileName = overflowFile.getName();
+                        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Length of update with {0} records exceeds in-memory max of {1} bytes. Overflowing to {2}",
+                                records.size(), maxInHeapSerializationBytes, overflowFileName));
+
+                        overflowFileOut = new FileOutputStream(overflowFile);
+                        bados.getByteArrayOutputStream().writeTo(overflowFileOut);
+                        bados.getByteArrayOutputStream().reset();
+
+                        // change dataOut to point to the File's Output Stream so that all subsequent records are written to the file.
+                        dataOut = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(overflowFileOut));
+
+                        // We now need to write to the ByteArrayOutputStream a pointer to the overflow file
+                        // so that what is written to the actual journal is that pointer.
+                        serde.writeExternalFileReference(overflowFile, bados.getDataOutputStream());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                dataOut.flush();
+
+                // If we overflowed to an external file, we need to be sure that we sync to disk before
+                // updating the Journal. Otherwise, we could get to a state where the Journal was flushed to disk without the
+                // external file being flushed. This would result in a missed update to the FlowFile Repository.
+                if (overflowFileOut != null) {
+                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+                        long l = overflowFile.length();
+                        logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Length of update to overflow file is {0} bytes", l));
+                    }
+
+                    overflowFileOut.getFD().sync();
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (overflowFileOut != null) {
+                    try {
+                        overflowFileOut.close();
+                    } catch (final Exception e) {
+                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to close open file handle to overflow file " + overflowFile.getName(), e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            final ByteArrayOutputStream baos = bados.getByteArrayOutputStream();
+            final OutputStream out = getOutputStream();
+
+            final long transactionId;
+            synchronized (this) {
+                checkState();
+
+                try {
+                    transactionId = currentTransactionId++;
+                    transactionCount++;
+
+                    transactionPreamble.clear();
+                    transactionPreamble.putLong(transactionId);
+                    transactionPreamble.putInt(baos.size());
+
+                    out.write(TRANSACTION_FOLLOWS);
+                    out.write(transactionPreamble.array());
+                    baos.writeTo(out);
+                    out.flush();
+                } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                    // While the outter Throwable that wraps this "catch" will call Poison, it is imperative that we call poison()
+                    // before the synchronized block is excited. Otherwise, another thread could potentially corrupt the journal before
+                    // the poison method closes the file.
+                    poison(t);
+                    throw t;
+                }
+            }
+
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Wrote Transaction {0} to journal {1} with length {2} and {3} records",
+                    transactionId, journalFile, baos.size(), records.size()));
+        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+            poison(t);
+
+            if (overflowFile != null) {
+                if (!overflowFile.delete() && overflowFile.exists()) {
+                    final String overflowFileName = overflowFile.getName();
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> "Failed to cleanup temporary overflow file " + overflowFileName + " - this file should be cleaned up manually.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw t;
+        } finally {
+            streamPool.returnObject(bados);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private void checkState() throws IOException {
+        final Throwable cause = this.poisonCause;
+        if (cause != null) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, "Cannot update Write Ahead Log because the log has already been poisoned", cause);
+            throw new IOException("Cannot update journal file " + journalFile + " because this journal has already encountered a failure when attempting to write to the file. "
+                + "If the repository is able to checkpoint, then this problem will resolve itself. However, if the repository is unable to be checkpointed "
+                + "(for example, due to being out of storage space or having too many open files), then this issue may require manual intervention.", cause);
+        }
+
+        if (closed) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot update journal file " + journalFile + " because this journal has already been closed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void poison(final Throwable t) {
+        this.poisonCause = t;
+
+        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, MessageFormat.format("Marking Write-Ahead journal file {0} as poisoned due to {1}",
+                journalFile, t), t);
+
+        try {
+            if (fileOut != null) {
+                fileOut.close();
+            }
+
+            closed = true;
+        } catch (final IOException innerIOE) {
+            t.addSuppressed(innerIOE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void fsync() throws IOException {
+        checkState();
+
+        try {
+            if (fileOut != null) {
+                fileOut.getChannel().force(false);
+            }
+        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
+            poison(ioe);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
+        if (closed) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        closed = true;
+
+        try {
+            if (fileOut != null) {
+                if (!isPoisoned()) {
+                    fileOut.write(JOURNAL_COMPLETE);
+                }
+
+                fileOut.close();
+            }
+        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
+            poison(ioe);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JournalRecovery recoverRecords(final Map<Object, T> recordMap, final Set<String> swapLocations) throws IOException {
+        long maxTransactionId = -1L;
+        int updateCount = 0;
+
+        boolean eofException = false;
+        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> "Recovering records from journal " + journalFile);
+        final double journalLength = journalFile.length();
+
+        try (final InputStream fis = new FileInputStream(journalFile);
+            final InputStream bufferedIn = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
+            final ByteCountingInputStream byteCountingIn = new ByteCountingInputStream(bufferedIn);
+            final DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(byteCountingIn)) {
+
+            try {
+                // Validate that the header is what we expect and obtain the appropriate SerDe and Version information
+                final SerDeAndVersion serdeAndVersion = validateHeader(in);
+                final SerDe<T> serde = serdeAndVersion.getSerDe();
+
+                // Ensure that we get a valid transaction indicator
+                int transactionIndicator = in.read();
+                if (transactionIndicator != TRANSACTION_FOLLOWS && transactionIndicator != JOURNAL_COMPLETE && transactionIndicator != -1) {
+                    throw new IOException("After reading " + byteCountingIn.getBytesConsumed() + " bytes from " + journalFile + ", encountered unexpected value of "
+                        + transactionIndicator + " for the Transaction Indicator. This journal may have been corrupted.");
+                }
+
+                long consumedAtLog = 0L;
+
+                // We don't want to apply the updates in a transaction until we've finished recovering the entire
+                // transaction. Otherwise, we could apply say 8 out of 10 updates and then hit an EOF. In such a case,
+                // we want to rollback the entire transaction. We handle this by not updating recordMap or swapLocations
+                // variables directly but instead keeping track of the things that occurred and then once we've read the
+                // entire transaction, we can apply those updates to the recordMap and swapLocations.
+                final Map<Object, T> transactionRecordMap = new HashMap<>();
+                final Set<Object> idsRemoved = new HashSet<>();
+                final Set<String> swapLocationsRemoved = new HashSet<>();
+                final Set<String> swapLocationsAdded = new HashSet<>();
+                int transactionUpdates = 0;
+
+                // While we have a transaction to recover, recover it
+                while (transactionIndicator == TRANSACTION_FOLLOWS) {
+                    transactionRecordMap.clear();
+                    idsRemoved.clear();
+                    swapLocationsRemoved.clear();
+                    swapLocationsAdded.clear();
+                    transactionUpdates = 0;
+
+                    // Format is <Transaction ID: 8 bytes> <Transaction Length: 4 bytes> <Transaction data: # of bytes indicated by Transaction Length Field>
+                    final long transactionId = in.readLong();
+                    maxTransactionId = Math.max(maxTransactionId, transactionId);
+                    final int transactionLength = in.readInt();
+
+                    // Use SerDe to deserialize the update. We use a LimitingInputStream to ensure that the SerDe is not able to read past its intended
+                    // length, in case there is a bug in the SerDe. We then use a ByteCountingInputStream so that we can ensure that all of the data has
+                    // been read and throw EOFException otherwise.
+                    final InputStream transactionLimitingIn = new LimitingInputStream(in, transactionLength);
+                    final ByteCountingInputStream transactionByteCountingIn = new ByteCountingInputStream(transactionLimitingIn);
+                    final DataInputStream transactionDis = new DataInputStream(transactionByteCountingIn);
+
+                    while (transactionByteCountingIn.getBytesConsumed() < transactionLength || serde.isMoreInExternalFile()) {
+                        final T record = serde.deserializeEdit(transactionDis, recordMap, serdeAndVersion.getVersion());
+
+                        // Update our RecordMap so that we have the most up-to-date version of the Record.
+                        final Object recordId = serde.getRecordIdentifier(record);
+                        final UpdateType updateType = serde.getUpdateType(record);
+
+                        switch (updateType) {
+                            case DELETE: {
+                                idsRemoved.add(recordId);
+                                transactionRecordMap.remove(recordId);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case SWAP_IN: {
+                                final String location = serde.getLocation(record);
+                                if (location == null) {
+                                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Recovered SWAP_IN record from edit log, but it did not contain a Location; skipping record");
+                                } else {
+                                    swapLocationsRemoved.add(location);
+                                    swapLocationsAdded.remove(location);
+                                    transactionRecordMap.put(recordId, record);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case SWAP_OUT: {
+                                final String location = serde.getLocation(record);
+                                if (location == null) {
+                                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Recovered SWAP_OUT record from edit log, but it did not contain a Location; skipping record");
+                                } else {
+                                    swapLocationsRemoved.remove(location);
+                                    swapLocationsAdded.add(location);
+                                    idsRemoved.add(recordId);
+                                    transactionRecordMap.remove(recordId);
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default: {
+                                transactionRecordMap.put(recordId, record);
+                                idsRemoved.remove(recordId);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        transactionUpdates++;
+                    }
+
+                    // Apply the transaction
+                    for (final Object id : idsRemoved) {
+                        recordMap.remove(id);
+                    }
+                    recordMap.putAll(transactionRecordMap);
+                    swapLocations.removeAll(swapLocationsRemoved);
+                    swapLocations.addAll(swapLocationsAdded);
+                    updateCount += transactionUpdates;
+
+                    // Check if there is another transaction to read
+                    transactionIndicator = in.read();
+                    if (transactionIndicator != TRANSACTION_FOLLOWS && transactionIndicator != JOURNAL_COMPLETE && transactionIndicator != -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("After reading " + byteCountingIn.getBytesConsumed() + " bytes from " + journalFile + ", encountered unexpected value of "
+                            + transactionIndicator + " for the Transaction Indicator. This journal may have been corrupted.");
+                    }
+
+                    // If we have a very large journal (for instance, if checkpoint is not called for a long time, or if there is a problem rolling over
+                    // the journal), then we want to occasionally notify the user that we are, in fact, making progress, so that it doesn't appear that
+                    // NiFi has become "stuck".
+                    final long consumed = byteCountingIn.getBytesConsumed();
+                    if (consumed - consumedAtLog > 50_000_000) {
+                        final double percentage = consumed / journalLength * 100D;
+                        final String pct = new DecimalFormat("#.00").format(percentage);
+                        final int count = updateCount;
+                        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("{0}% of the way finished recovering journal {1}, having recovered {2} updates",
+                                pct, journalFile, count));
+                        consumedAtLog = consumed;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (final EOFException eof) {
+                eofException = true;
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, () -> MessageFormat.format("Encountered unexpected End-of-File when reading journal file {0}; assuming that NiFi was shutdown unexpectedly and continuing recovery",
+                        journalFile));
+            } catch (final Exception e) {
+                // If the stream consists solely of NUL bytes, then we want to treat it
+                // the same as an EOF because we see this happen when we suddenly lose power
+                // while writing to a file. However, if that is not the case, then something else has gone wrong.
+                // In such a case, there is not much that we can do but to re-throw the Exception.
+                if (remainingBytesAllNul(in)) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Failed to recover some of the data from Write-Ahead Log Journal because encountered trailing NUL bytes. "
+                        + "This will sometimes happen after a sudden power loss. The rest of this journal file will be skipped for recovery purposes."
+                        + "The following Exception was encountered while recovering the updates to the journal:", e);
+                } else {
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        final int count = updateCount;
+        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("Successfully recovered {0} updates from journal {1}", count, journalFile));
+        return new StandardJournalRecovery(updateCount, maxTransactionId, eofException);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In the case of a sudden power loss, it is common - at least in a Linux journaling File System -
+     * that the partition file that is being written to will have many trailing "NUL bytes" (0's).
+     * If this happens, then on restart we want to treat this as an incomplete transaction, so we detect
+     * this case explicitly.
+     *
+     * @param in the input stream to scan
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the InputStream contains no data or contains only NUL bytes
+     * @throws IOException if unable to read from the given InputStream
+     */
+    private boolean remainingBytesAllNul(final InputStream in) throws IOException {
+        int nextByte;
+        while ((nextByte = in.read()) != -1) {
+            if (nextByte != NUL_BYTE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized JournalSummary getSummary() {
+        if (transactionCount < 1) {
+            return INACTIVE_JOURNAL_SUMMARY;
+        }
+
+        return new StandardJournalSummary(initialTransactionId, currentTransactionId - 1, transactionCount);
+    }
+
+    private class SerDeAndVersion {
+        private final SerDe<T> serde;
+        private final int version;
+
+        public SerDeAndVersion(final SerDe<T> serde, final int version) {
+            this.serde = serde;
+            this.version = version;
+        }
+
+        public SerDe<T> getSerDe() {
+            return serde;
+        }
+
+        public int getVersion() {
+            return version;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/LimitingInputStream.java

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+public class LimitingInputStream extends InputStream {
+
+    private final InputStream in;
+    private final long limit;
+    private long bytesRead = 0;
+    private volatile boolean limitReached = false;
+    private long markOffset = -1L;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a limited input stream whereby if the limit is reached all
+     * subsequent calls to read will return a -1 and hasLimitReached() will
+     * indicate true. The limit is inclusive so if all 100 bytes of a 100 byte
+     * stream are read it will be true, otherwise false.
+     *
+     * @param in the underlying input stream
+     * @param limit maximum length of bytes to read from underlying input stream
+     */
+    public LimitingInputStream(final InputStream in, final long limit) {
+        this.in = in;
+        this.limit = limit;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasReachedLimit() throws IOException {
+        return limitReached;
+    }
+
+    private int markLimitReached() {
+        limitReached = true;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() throws IOException {
+        if (bytesRead >= limit) {
+            return markLimitReached();
+        }
+
+        final int val = in.read();
+        if (val > -1) {
+            bytesRead++;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(final byte[] b) throws IOException {
+        if (bytesRead >= limit) {
+            return markLimitReached();
+        }
+
+        final int maxToRead = (int) Math.min(b.length, limit - bytesRead);
+
+        final int val = in.read(b, 0, maxToRead);
+        if (val > 0) {
+            bytesRead += val;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        if (bytesRead >= limit) {
+            return markLimitReached();
+        }
+
+        final int maxToRead = (int) Math.min(len, limit - bytesRead);
+
+        final int val = in.read(b, off, maxToRead);
+        if (val > 0) {
+            bytesRead += val;
+        }
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long skip(final long n) throws IOException {
+        final long toSkip = Math.min(n, limit - bytesRead);
+        final long skipped = in.skip(toSkip);
+        bytesRead += skipped;
+        return skipped;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int available() throws IOException {
+        return in.available();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void mark(int readlimit) {
+        in.mark(readlimit);
+        markOffset = bytesRead;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean markSupported() {
+        return in.markSupported();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() throws IOException {
+        in.reset();
+
+        if (markOffset >= 0) {
+            bytesRead = markOffset;
+        }
+        markOffset = -1;
+    }
+
+    public long getLimit() {
+        return limit;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/ObjectPool.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public interface ObjectPool<T> {
+
+    T borrowObject();
+
+    void returnObject(T somethingBorrowed);
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/RecordLookup.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public interface RecordLookup<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Record with the given identifier, or <code>null</code> if no such record exists
+     *
+     * @param identifier the identifier of the record to lookup
+     * @return the Record with the given identifier, or <code>null</code> if no such record exists
+     */
+    T lookup(Object identifier);
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SequentialAccessWriteAheadLog.java

@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * This implementation of WriteAheadRepository provides the ability to write all updates to the
+ * repository sequentially by writing to a single journal file. Serialization of data into bytes
+ * happens outside of any lock contention and is done so using recycled byte buffers. As such,
+ * we occur minimal garbage collection and the theoretical throughput of this repository is equal
+ * to the throughput of the underlying disk itself.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This implementation makes the assumption that only a single thread will ever issue updates for
+ * a given Record at any one time. I.e., the implementation is thread-safe but cannot guarantee
+ * that records are recovered correctly if two threads simultaneously update the write-ahead log
+ * with updates for the same record.
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class SequentialAccessWriteAheadLog<T> implements WriteAheadRepository<T> {
+    private static final int PARTITION_INDEX = 0;
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SequentialAccessWriteAheadLog.class.getName());
+    private static final Pattern JOURNAL_FILENAME_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\d+\\.journal");
+    private static final int MAX_BUFFERS = 64;
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 256 * 1024;
+
+    private final File storageDirectory;
+    private final File journalsDirectory;
+    protected final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory;
+    private final SyncListener syncListener;
+    private final Set<String> recoveredSwapLocations = new HashSet<>();
+
+    private final ReadWriteLock journalRWLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private final Lock journalReadLock = journalRWLock.readLock();
+    private final Lock journalWriteLock = journalRWLock.writeLock();
+    private final ObjectPool<ByteArrayDataOutputStream> streamPool = new BlockingQueuePool<>(MAX_BUFFERS,
+        () -> new ByteArrayDataOutputStream(BUFFER_SIZE),
+        stream -> stream.getByteArrayOutputStream().size() < BUFFER_SIZE,
+        stream -> stream.getByteArrayOutputStream().reset());
+
+    private final WriteAheadSnapshot<T> snapshot;
+    private final RecordLookup<T> recordLookup;
+    private SnapshotRecovery<T> snapshotRecovery;
+
+    private volatile boolean recovered = false;
+    private WriteAheadJournal<T> journal;
+    private volatile long nextTransactionId = 0L;
+
+    public SequentialAccessWriteAheadLog(final File storageDirectory, final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory) throws IOException {
+        this(storageDirectory, serdeFactory, SyncListener.NOP_SYNC_LISTENER);
+    }
+
+    public SequentialAccessWriteAheadLog(final File storageDirectory, final SerDeFactory<T> serdeFactory, final SyncListener syncListener) throws IOException {
+        if (!storageDirectory.exists() && !storageDirectory.mkdirs()) {
+            throw new IOException("Directory " + storageDirectory + " does not exist and cannot be created");
+        }
+        if (!storageDirectory.isDirectory()) {
+            throw new IOException("File " + storageDirectory + " is a regular file and not a directory");
+        }
+
+        final HashMapSnapshot<T> hashMapSnapshot = new HashMapSnapshot<>(storageDirectory, serdeFactory);
+        this.snapshot = hashMapSnapshot;
+        this.recordLookup = hashMapSnapshot;
+
+        this.storageDirectory = storageDirectory;
+        this.journalsDirectory = new File(storageDirectory, "journals");
+        if (!journalsDirectory.exists() && !journalsDirectory.mkdirs()) {
+            throw new IOException("Directory " + journalsDirectory + " does not exist and cannot be created");
+        }
+
+        recovered = false;
+
+        this.serdeFactory = serdeFactory;
+        this.syncListener = (syncListener == null) ? SyncListener.NOP_SYNC_LISTENER : syncListener;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int update(final Collection<T> records, final boolean forceSync) throws IOException {
+        if (!recovered) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot update repository until record recovery has been performed");
+        }
+
+        journalReadLock.lock();
+        try {
+            journal.update(records, recordLookup);
+
+            if (forceSync) {
+                journal.fsync();
+                syncListener.onSync(PARTITION_INDEX);
+            }
+
+            snapshot.update(records);
+        } finally {
+            journalReadLock.unlock();
+        }
+
+        return PARTITION_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized Collection<T> recoverRecords() throws IOException {
+        if (recovered) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot recover records from repository because record recovery has already commenced");
+        }
+
+        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("Recovering records from Write-Ahead Log at {0}",
+                storageDirectory));
+
+        final long recoverStart = System.nanoTime();
+        recovered = true;
+        snapshotRecovery = snapshot.recover();
+        this.recoveredSwapLocations.addAll(snapshotRecovery.getRecoveredSwapLocations());
+
+        final long snapshotRecoveryMillis = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - recoverStart);
+
+        final Map<Object, T> recoveredRecords = snapshotRecovery.getRecords();
+        final Set<String> swapLocations = snapshotRecovery.getRecoveredSwapLocations();
+
+        final File[] journalFiles = journalsDirectory.listFiles(this::isJournalFile);
+        if (journalFiles == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Cannot access the list of files in directory " + journalsDirectory +
+                    "; please ensure that appropriate file permissions are set.");
+        }
+
+        if (snapshotRecovery.getRecoveryFile() == null) {
+            logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("No Snapshot File to recover from at {0}. Now recovering records from {1} journal files",
+                    storageDirectory, journalFiles.length));
+        } else {
+            logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("Successfully recovered {0} records and {1} swap files from Snapshot at {2} with Max Transaction ID of {3} in {4} milliseconds. Now recovering records from {5} journal files",
+                recoveredRecords.size(), swapLocations.size(), snapshotRecovery.getRecoveryFile(), snapshotRecovery.getMaxTransactionId(),
+                snapshotRecoveryMillis, journalFiles.length));
+        }
+
+        final List<File> orderedJournalFiles = Arrays.asList(journalFiles);
+        orderedJournalFiles.sort((o1, o2) -> {
+            final long transactionId1 = getMinTransactionId(o1);
+            final long transactionId2 = getMinTransactionId(o2);
+
+            return Long.compare(transactionId1, transactionId2);
+        });
+
+        final long snapshotTransactionId = snapshotRecovery.getMaxTransactionId();
+
+        int totalUpdates = 0;
+        int journalFilesRecovered = 0;
+        int journalFilesSkipped = 0;
+        long maxTransactionId = snapshotTransactionId;
+
+        for (final File journalFile : orderedJournalFiles) {
+            final long journalMinTransactionId = getMinTransactionId(journalFile);
+            if (journalMinTransactionId < snapshotTransactionId) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Will not recover records from journal file {0} because the minimum Transaction ID for that journal is {1} and the Transaction ID recovered from Snapshot was {2}",
+                    journalFile, journalMinTransactionId, snapshotTransactionId));
+
+                journalFilesSkipped++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Min Transaction ID for journal {0} is {1}, so will recover records from journal",
+                    journalFile, journalMinTransactionId));
+            journalFilesRecovered++;
+
+            try (final WriteAheadJournal<T> journal = new LengthDelimitedJournal<>(journalFile, serdeFactory, streamPool, 0L)) {
+                final JournalRecovery journalRecovery = journal.recoverRecords(recoveredRecords, swapLocations);
+                final int updates = journalRecovery.getUpdateCount();
+
+                logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Recovered {0} updates from journal {1}",
+                        updates, journalFile));
+                totalUpdates += updates;
+                maxTransactionId = Math.max(maxTransactionId, journalRecovery.getMaxTransactionId());
+            }
+        }
+
+        logger.log(Level.FINE, MessageFormat.format("Recovered {0} updates from {1} journal files and skipped {2} journal files because their data was already encapsulated in the snapshot",
+            totalUpdates, journalFilesRecovered, journalFilesSkipped));
+        this.nextTransactionId = maxTransactionId + 1;
+
+        final long recoverNanos = System.nanoTime() - recoverStart;
+        final long recoveryMillis = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(recoverNanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("Successfully recovered {0} records in {1} milliseconds. Now checkpointing to ensure that Write-Ahead Log is in a consistent state",
+                recoveredRecords.size(), recoveryMillis));
+
+        this.recoveredSwapLocations.addAll(swapLocations);
+
+        checkpoint(this.recoveredSwapLocations);
+
+        return recoveredRecords.values();
+    }
+
+    private long getMinTransactionId(final File journalFile) {
+        final String filename = journalFile.getName();
+        final String numeral = filename.substring(0, filename.indexOf("."));
+        return Long.parseLong(numeral);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isJournalFile(final File file) {
+        if (!file.isFile()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final String filename = file.getName();
+        return JOURNAL_FILENAME_PATTERN.matcher(filename).matches();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized Set<String> getRecoveredSwapLocations() throws IOException {
+        if (!recovered) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot retrieve the Recovered Swap Locations until record recovery has been performed");
+        }
+
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(this.recoveredSwapLocations);
+    }
+
+    public SnapshotCapture<T> captureSnapshot() {
+        return snapshot.prepareSnapshot(nextTransactionId - 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkpoint() throws IOException {
+        return checkpoint(null);
+    }
+
+    private int checkpoint(final Set<String> swapLocations) throws IOException {
+        final SnapshotCapture<T> snapshotCapture;
+
+        final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
+        final File[] existingJournals;
+        journalWriteLock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (journal != null) {
+                final JournalSummary journalSummary = journal.getSummary();
+                if (journalSummary.getTransactionCount() == 0 && journal.isHealthy()) {
+                    logger.log(Level.FINE, "Will not checkpoint Write-Ahead Log because no updates have occurred since last checkpoint");
+                    return snapshot.getRecordCount();
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    journal.fsync();
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to synch Write-Ahead Log's journal to disk at " + storageDirectory, e);
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    journal.close();
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Failed to close Journal while attempting to checkpoint Write-Ahead Log at " + storageDirectory, e);
+                }
+
+                nextTransactionId = Math.max(nextTransactionId, journalSummary.getLastTransactionId() + 1);
+            }
+
+            syncListener.onGlobalSync();
+
+            final File[] existingFiles = journalsDirectory.listFiles(this::isJournalFile);
+            existingJournals = (existingFiles == null) ? new File[0] : existingFiles;
+
+            if (swapLocations == null) {
+                snapshotCapture = snapshot.prepareSnapshot(nextTransactionId - 1);
+            } else {
+                snapshotCapture = snapshot.prepareSnapshot(nextTransactionId - 1, swapLocations);
+            }
+
+
+            // Create a new journal. We name the journal file <next transaction id>.journal but it is possible
+            // that we could have an empty journal file already created. If this happens, we don't want to create
+            // a new file on top of it because it would get deleted below when we clean up old journals. So we
+            // will simply increment our transaction ID and try again.
+            File journalFile = new File(journalsDirectory, nextTransactionId + ".journal");
+            while (journalFile.exists()) {
+                nextTransactionId++;
+                journalFile = new File(journalsDirectory, nextTransactionId + ".journal");
+            }
+
+            journal = new LengthDelimitedJournal<>(journalFile, serdeFactory, streamPool, nextTransactionId);
+            journal.writeHeader();
+
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, () -> MessageFormat.format("Created new Journal starting with Transaction ID {0}", nextTransactionId));
+        } finally {
+            journalWriteLock.unlock();
+        }
+
+        final long stopTheWorldMillis = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - startNanos);
+        snapshot.writeSnapshot(snapshotCapture);
+
+        for (final File existingJournal : existingJournals) {
+            final WriteAheadJournal<?> journal = new LengthDelimitedJournal<>(existingJournal, serdeFactory, streamPool, nextTransactionId);
+            journal.dispose();
+        }
+
+        final long totalNanos = System.nanoTime() - startNanos;
+        final long millis = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(totalNanos);
+        logger.log(Level.INFO, () -> MessageFormat.format("Checkpointed Write-Ahead Log with {0} Records and {1} Swap Files in {2} milliseconds (Stop-the-world time = {3} milliseconds), max Transaction ID {4}",
+                snapshotCapture.getRecords().size(), snapshotCapture.getSwapLocations().size(), millis, stopTheWorldMillis, snapshotCapture.getMaxTransactionId()));
+
+        return snapshotCapture.getRecords().size();
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void shutdown() throws IOException {
+        journalWriteLock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (journal != null) {
+                journal.close();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            journalWriteLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SerDe.java

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A mechanism for Serializing and De-Serializing a Record of a given Type
+ *
+ * @param <T> the type of record that is to be Serialized and De-Serialized by
+ * this object
+ */
+public interface SerDe<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * Provides the SerDe a chance to write header information to the given output stream
+     *
+     * @param out the DataOutputStream to write to
+     * @throws IOException if unable to write to the OutputStream
+     */
+    default void writeHeader(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Serializes an Edit Record to the log via the given
+     * {@link DataOutputStream}.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param previousRecordState previous state
+     * @param newRecordState new state
+     * @param out stream to write to
+     * @throws IOException if fail during write
+     */
+    void serializeEdit(T previousRecordState, T newRecordState, DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Serializes a Record in a form suitable for a Snapshot via the given
+     * {@link DataOutputStream}.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param record to serialize
+     * @param out to write to
+     * @throws IOException if failed to write
+     */
+    void serializeRecord(T record, DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Provides the SerDe the opportunity to read header information before deserializing any records
+     *
+     * @param in the InputStream to read from
+     * @throws IOException if unable to read from the InputStream
+     */
+    default void readHeader(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Reads an Edit Record from the given {@link DataInputStream} and merges
+     * that edit with the current version of the record, returning the new,
+     * merged version. If the Edit Record indicates that the entity was deleted,
+     * must return a Record with an UpdateType of {@link UpdateType#DELETE}.
+     * This method must never return <code>null</code>.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param in to deserialize from
+     * @param currentRecordStates an unmodifiable map of Record ID's to the
+     *            current state of that record
+     * @param version the version of the SerDe that was used to serialize the
+     *            edit record
+     * @return deserialized record
+     * @throws IOException if failure reading
+     */
+    T deserializeEdit(DataInputStream in, Map<Object, T> currentRecordStates, int version) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Reads a Record from the given {@link DataInputStream} and returns this
+     * record. If no data is available, returns <code>null</code>.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param in stream to read from
+     * @param version the version of the SerDe that was used to serialize the
+     * record
+     * @return record
+     * @throws IOException failure reading
+     */
+    T deserializeRecord(DataInputStream in, int version) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the unique ID for the given record
+     *
+     * @param record to obtain identifier for
+     * @return identifier of record
+     */
+    Object getRecordIdentifier(T record);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the UpdateType for the given record
+     *
+     * @param record to retrieve update type for
+     * @return update type
+     */
+    UpdateType getUpdateType(T record);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the external location of the given record; this is used when a
+     * record is moved away from WALI or is being re-introduced to WALI. For
+     * example, WALI can be updated with a record of type
+     * {@link UpdateType#SWAP_OUT} that indicates a Location of
+     * file://tmp/external1 and can then be re-introduced to WALI by updating
+     * WALI with a record of type {@link UpdateType#CREATE} that indicates a
+     * Location of file://tmp/external1
+     *
+     * @param record to get location of
+     * @return location
+     */
+    String getLocation(T record);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the version that this SerDe will use when writing. This used used
+     * when serializing/deserializing the edit logs so that if the version
+     * changes, we are still able to deserialize old versions
+     *
+     * @return version
+     */
+    int getVersion();
+
+    /**
+     * Closes any resources that the SerDe is holding open
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if unable to close resources
+     */
+    default void close() throws IOException {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Optional method that a SerDe can support that indicates that the contents of the next update should be found
+     * in the given external File.
+     *
+     * @param externalFile the file that contains the update information
+     * @param out the DataOutputStream to write the external file reference to
+     * @throws IOException if unable to write the update
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this SerDe does not support this operation
+     */
+    default void writeExternalFileReference(File externalFile, DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether or not a call to {@link #writeExternalFileReference(File, DataOutputStream)} is valid for this implementation
+     * @return <code>true</code> if calls to {@link #writeExternalFileReference(File, DataOutputStream)} are supported, <code>false</code> if calling
+     * the method will result in an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} being thrown.
+     */
+    default boolean isWriteExternalFileReferenceSupported() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the last call to read data from this SerDe resulted in data being read from an External File, and there is more data in that External File,
+     * then this method will return <code>true</code>. Otherwise, it will return <code>false</code>.
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> if more data available in External File, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @throws IOException if unable to read from External File to determine data availability
+     */
+    default boolean isMoreInExternalFile() throws IOException {
+        return false;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SerDeFactory.java

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public interface SerDeFactory<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a new SerDe
+     *
+     * @param encodingName the name of encoding that was used when writing the serialized data, or <code>null</code> if
+     *            the SerDe is to be used for serialization purposes
+     * @return a SerDe
+     */
+    SerDe<T> createSerDe(String encodingName);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the unique ID for the given record
+     *
+     * @param record to obtain identifier for
+     * @return identifier of record
+     */
+    Object getRecordIdentifier(T record);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the UpdateType for the given record
+     *
+     * @param record to retrieve update type for
+     * @return update type
+     */
+    UpdateType getUpdateType(T record);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the external location of the given record; this is used when a
+     * record is moved away from WALI or is being re-introduced to WALI. For
+     * example, WALI can be updated with a record of type
+     * {@link UpdateType#SWAP_OUT} that indicates a Location of
+     * file://tmp/external1 and can then be re-introduced to WALI by updating
+     * WALI with a record of type {@link UpdateType#CREATE} that indicates a
+     * Location of file://tmp/external1
+     *
+     * @param record to get location of
+     * @return location
+     */
+    String getLocation(T record);
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SnapshotCapture.java

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public interface SnapshotCapture<T> {
+    Map<Object, T> getRecords();
+
+    long getMaxTransactionId();
+
+    Set<String> getSwapLocations();
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SnapshotRecovery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public interface SnapshotRecovery<T> {
+    long getMaxTransactionId();
+
+    Map<Object, T> getRecords();
+
+    Set<String> getRecoveredSwapLocations();
+
+    File getRecoveryFile();
+
+
+    public static <T> SnapshotRecovery<T> emptyRecovery() {
+        return new SnapshotRecovery<T>() {
+            @Override
+            public long getMaxTransactionId() {
+                return -1L;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<Object, T> getRecords() {
+                return Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Set<String> getRecoveredSwapLocations() {
+                return Collections.emptySet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public File getRecoveryFile() {
+                return null;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/StandardJournalRecovery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public class StandardJournalRecovery implements JournalRecovery {
+    private final int updateCount;
+    private final long maxTransactionId;
+    private final boolean eofException;
+
+    public StandardJournalRecovery(final int updateCount, final long maxTransactionId, final boolean eofException) {
+        this.updateCount = updateCount;
+        this.maxTransactionId = maxTransactionId;
+        this.eofException = eofException;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getUpdateCount() {
+        return updateCount;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMaxTransactionId() {
+        return maxTransactionId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEOFExceptionEncountered() {
+        return eofException;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/StandardJournalSummary.java

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+public class StandardJournalSummary implements JournalSummary {
+    private final long firstTransactionId;
+    private final long lastTransactionId;
+    private final int transactionCount;
+
+    public StandardJournalSummary(final long firstTransactionId, final long lastTransactionId, final int transactionCount) {
+        this.firstTransactionId = firstTransactionId;
+        this.lastTransactionId = lastTransactionId;
+        this.transactionCount = transactionCount;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getFirstTransactionId() {
+        return firstTransactionId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLastTransactionId() {
+        return lastTransactionId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTransactionCount() {
+        return transactionCount;
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/StandardSnapshotRecovery.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class StandardSnapshotRecovery<T> implements SnapshotRecovery<T> {
+    private final Map<Object, T> recordMap;
+    private final Set<String> recoveredSwapLocations;
+    private final File recoveryFile;
+    private final long maxTransactionId;
+
+    public StandardSnapshotRecovery(final Map<Object, T> recordMap, final Set<String> recoveredSwapLocations, final File recoveryFile, final long maxTransactionId) {
+        this.recordMap = recordMap;
+        this.recoveredSwapLocations = recoveredSwapLocations;
+        this.recoveryFile = recoveryFile;
+        this.maxTransactionId = maxTransactionId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMaxTransactionId() {
+        return maxTransactionId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<Object, T> getRecords() {
+        return recordMap;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<String> getRecoveredSwapLocations() {
+        return recoveredSwapLocations;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public File getRecoveryFile() {
+        return recoveryFile;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/SyncListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * Provides a callback mechanism by which applicable listeners can be notified
+ * when a WriteAheadRepository is synched (via the
+ * {@link WriteAheadRepository#sync()} method) or one of its partitions is
+ * synched via
+ * {@link WriteAheadRepository#update(java.util.Collection, boolean)} with a
+ * value of <code>true</code> for the second argument.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * It is not required that an implementation of {@link WriteAheadRepository}
+ * support this interface. Those that do generally will require that the
+ * listener be injected via the constructor.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * All implementations of this interface must be thread-safe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The {@link #onSync(int)} method will always be called while the associated
+ * partition is locked. The {@link #onGlobalSync()} will always be called while
+ * the entire repository is locked.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ */
+public interface SyncListener {
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called whenever a specific partition is synched via the
+     * {@link WriteAheadRepository#update(java.util.Collection, boolean)} method
+     *
+     * @param partitionIndex the index of the partition that was synched
+     */
+    void onSync(int partitionIndex);
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called whenever the entire
+     * <code>WriteAheadRepository</code> is synched via the
+     * {@link WriteAheadRepository#sync()} method.
+     */
+    void onGlobalSync();
+
+    public static final SyncListener NOP_SYNC_LISTENER = new SyncListener() {
+        @Override
+        public void onSync(int partitionIndex) {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onGlobalSync() {
+        }
+    };
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/UpdateType.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * Enumerates the valid types of things that can cause a
+ * {@link WriteAheadRepository} to update its state</p>
+ */
+public enum UpdateType {
+
+    /**
+     * Used when a new Record has been created
+     */
+    CREATE,
+    /**
+     * Used when a Record has been updated in some way
+     */
+    UPDATE,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate that a Record has been deleted and should be removed
+     * from the Repository
+     */
+    DELETE,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate that a Record still exists but has been moved elsewhere,
+     * so that it is no longer maintained by the WALI instance
+     */
+    SWAP_OUT,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate that a Record that was previously Swapped Out is now
+     * being Swapped In
+     */
+    SWAP_IN;
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/WriteAheadJournal.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public interface WriteAheadJournal<T> extends Closeable {
+
+    JournalRecovery recoverRecords(Map<Object, T> recordMap, Set<String> swapLocations) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the journal with the given set of records
+     *
+     * @param records the records to update
+     * @param recordLookup a lookup that can be used to access the current value of a record, given its ID
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if unable to write to the underlying storage mechanism
+     */
+    void update(Collection<T> records, RecordLookup<T> recordLookup) throws IOException;
+
+    void writeHeader() throws IOException;
+
+    void fsync() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns information about what was written to the journal
+     *
+     * @return A JournalSummary indicating what was written to the journal
+     * @throws IOException if unable to write to the underlying storage mechanism.
+     */
+    JournalSummary getSummary();
+
+    /**
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the journal is healthy and can be written to, <code>false</code> if either the journal has been closed or is poisoned
+     */
+    boolean isHealthy();
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys any resources that the journal occupies
+     */
+    void dispose();
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/WriteAheadRepository.java

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * <p>
+ * A WriteAheadRepository is used to persist state that is otherwise kept
+ * in-memory. The Repository does not provide any query capability except to
+ * allow the data to be recovered upon restart of the system.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * A WriteAheadRepository operates by writing every update to an Edit Log. On
+ * restart, the data can be recovered by replaying all of the updates that are
+ * found in the Edit Log. This can, however, eventually result in very large
+ * Edit Logs, which can both take up massive amounts of disk space and take a
+ * long time to recover. In order to prevent this, the Repository provides a
+ * Checkpointing capability. This allows the current in-memory state of the
+ * Repository to be flushed to disk and the Edit Log to be deleted, thereby
+ * compacting the amount of space required to store the Repository. After a
+ * Checkpoint is performed, modifications are again written to an Edit Log. At
+ * this point, when the system is to be restored, it is restored by first
+ * loading the Checkpointed version of the Repository and then replaying the
+ * Edit Log.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * All implementations of <code>WriteAheadRepository</code> use one or more
+ * partitions to manage their Edit Logs. An implementation may require exactly
+ * one partition or may allow many partitions.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @param <T> the type of Record this repository is for
+ */
+public interface WriteAheadRepository<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Updates the repository with the specified Records. The Collection must
+     * not contain multiple records with the same ID
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param records the records to update
+     * @param forceSync specifies whether or not the Repository forces the data
+     * to be flushed to disk. If false, the data may be stored in Operating
+     * System buffers, which improves performance but could cause loss of data
+     * if power is lost or the Operating System crashes
+     * @throws IOException if failure to update repo
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if multiple records within the given
+     * Collection have the same ID, as specified by {@link SerDe#getRecordIdentifier(Object)}
+     * method
+     *
+     * @return the index of the Partition that performed the update
+     */
+    int update(Collection<T> records, boolean forceSync) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Recovers all records from the persisted state. This method must be called
+     * before any updates are issued to the Repository.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @return recovered records
+     * @throws IOException if failure to read from repo
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if any updates have been issued against
+     * this Repository before this method is invoked
+     */
+    Collection<T> recoverRecords() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Recovers all External Swap locations that were persisted. If this method
+     * is to be called, it must be called AFTER {@link #recoverRecords()} and
+     * BEFORE {@link #update(Collection, boolean)}}.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @return swap location
+     * @throws IOException if failure reading swap locations
+     */
+    Set<String> getRecoveredSwapLocations() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Compacts the contents of the Repository so that rather than having a
+     * Snapshot and an Edit Log indicating many Updates to the Snapshot, the
+     * Snapshot is updated to contain the current state of the Repository, and
+     * the edit log is purged.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     *
+     * @return the number of records that were written to the new snapshot
+     * @throws java.io.IOException if failure during checkpoint
+     */
+    int checkpoint() throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Causes the repository to checkpoint and then close any open resources.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @throws IOException if failure to shutdown cleanly
+     */
+    void shutdown() throws IOException;
+}

src/main/java/org/xbib/event/wal/WriteAheadSnapshot.java

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.xbib.event.wal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public interface WriteAheadSnapshot<T> {
+    SnapshotCapture<T> prepareSnapshot(long maxTransactionId);
+
+    SnapshotCapture<T> prepareSnapshot(long maxTransactionId, Set<String> swapLocations);
+
+    void writeSnapshot(SnapshotCapture<T> snapshot) throws IOException;
+
+    SnapshotRecovery<T> recover() throws IOException;
+
+    void update(Collection<T> records);
+
+    int getRecordCount();
+}