lift to module path, update dependencies

.travis.yml

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-language: java
-jdk:
-  - openjdk11
-

build.gradle

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
+
 plugins {
-    id "de.marcphilipp.nexus-publish" version "0.4.0"
-    id "io.codearte.nexus-staging" version "0.21.1"
+    id 'maven-publish'
+    id 'signing'
+    id "io.github.gradle-nexus.publish-plugin" version "1.3.0"
 }
 
 wrapper {
-    gradleVersion = "${project.property('gradle.wrapper.version')}"
-    distributionType = Wrapper.DistributionType.ALL
+    gradleVersion = libs.versions.gradle.get()
+    distributionType = Wrapper.DistributionType.BIN
 }
 
 ext {
@@ -13,10 +15,10 @@ ext {
     name = 'oai'
     description = 'Open Archive Initiative library for Java'
     inceptionYear = '2016'
-    url = 'https://github.com/' + user + '/' + name
-    scmUrl = 'https://github.com/' + user + '/' + name
-    scmConnection = 'scm:git:git://github.com/' + user + '/' + name + '.git'
-    scmDeveloperConnection = 'scm:git:ssh://git@github.com:' + user + '/' + name + '.git'
+    url = 'https://xbib.org/' + user + '/' + name
+    scmUrl = 'https://xbib.org/' + user + '/' + name
+    scmConnection = 'scm:git:git://xbib.org/' + user + '/' + name + '.git'
+    scmDeveloperConnection = 'scm:git:ssh://forgejo@xbib.org:' + user + '/' + name + '.git'
     issueManagementSystem = 'Github'
     issueManagementUrl = ext.scmUrl + '/issues'
     licenseName = 'The Apache License, Version 2.0'
@@ -24,11 +26,10 @@ ext {
 }
 
 subprojects {
-    apply plugin: 'java-library'
-    apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/ide/idea.gradle')
+    apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/repositories/maven.gradle')
     apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/compile/java.gradle')
     apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/test/junit5.gradle')
-    apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/publishing/publication.gradle')
+    apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/publish/maven.gradle')
 }
-
-apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/publishing/sonatype.gradle')
+apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/publish/sonatype.gradle')
+apply from: rootProject.file('gradle/publish/forgejo.gradle')

config/checkstyle/suppressions.xml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC
-        "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.1//EN"
-        "http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/suppressions_1_1.dtd">
-<suppressions>
-    <suppress checks="." files="[\\/]generated-src[\\/].*\.java$"/>
-</suppressions>

gradle.properties

@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
 group = org.xbib
 name = oai
-version = 2.5.3
-
-gradle.wrapper.version = 6.6.1
-xbib-content.version = 2.6.2
-xbib-marc.version = 2.4.0
-xbib-bibliographic-character-sets.version = 2.0.0
+version = 4.0.0

gradle/compile/java.gradle

@@ -1,35 +1,47 @@
-
 apply plugin: 'java-library'
 
 java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(21)
+    }
     modularity.inferModulePath.set(true)
-}
-
-compileJava {
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-}
-
-compileTestJava {
-    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
-    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+    withSourcesJar()
+    withJavadocJar()
 }
 
 jar {
     manifest {
         attributes('Implementation-Version': project.version)
     }
+    duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.INCLUDE
 }
 
-task sourcesJar(type: Jar, dependsOn: classes) {
-    classifier 'sources'
-    from sourceSets.main.allSource
+tasks.withType(JavaCompile).configureEach {
+    doFirst {
+        options.fork = true
+        options.forkOptions.jvmArgs += ['-Duser.language=en', '-Duser.country=US']
+        options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
+        options.compilerArgs.add('-Xlint:all')
+        // enforce presence of module-info.java
+        options.compilerArgs.add("--module-version")
+        options.compilerArgs.add(project.version as String)
+        options.compilerArgs.add("--module-path")
+        options.compilerArgs.add(classpath.asPath)
+        classpath = files()
+    }
 }
 
-task javadocJar(type: Jar, dependsOn: javadoc) {
-    classifier 'javadoc'
+tasks.withType(Javadoc).configureEach {
+    doFirst {
+        options.addStringOption('Xdoclint:none', '-quiet')
+        options.encoding = 'UTF-8'
+    }
 }
 
-artifacts {
-    archives sourcesJar, javadocJar
-}
+tasks.withType(JavaExec).configureEach {
+    doFirst {
+        jvmArguments.add("--module-path")
+        jvmArguments.add(classpath.asPath)
+        classpath = files()
+    }
+}

gradle/documentation/asciidoc.gradle

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 apply plugin: 'org.xbib.gradle.plugin.asciidoctor'
 
-configurations {
-    asciidoclet
-}
-
-dependencies {
-    asciidoclet "org.asciidoctor:asciidoclet:${project.property('asciidoclet.version')}"
-}
-
-
 asciidoctor {
     backends 'html5'
     outputDir = file("${rootProject.projectDir}/docs")
@@ -26,30 +17,3 @@ asciidoctor {
             imagesdir: 'img',
             stylesheet: "${projectDir}/src/docs/asciidoc/css/foundation.css"
 }
-
-
-/*javadoc {
-options.docletpath = configurations.asciidoclet.files.asType(List)
-options.doclet = 'org.asciidoctor.Asciidoclet'
-//options.overview = "src/docs/asciidoclet/overview.adoc"
-options.addStringOption "-base-dir", "${projectDir}"
-options.addStringOption "-attribute",
-        "name=${project.name},version=${project.version},title-link=https://github.com/xbib/${project.name}"
-configure(options) {
-    noTimestamp = true
-}
-}*/
-
-
-/*javadoc {
-    options.docletpath = configurations.asciidoclet.files.asType(List)
-    options.doclet = 'org.asciidoctor.Asciidoclet'
-    options.overview = "${rootProject.projectDir}/src/docs/asciidoclet/overview.adoc"
-    options.addStringOption "-base-dir", "${projectDir}"
-    options.addStringOption "-attribute",
-            "name=${project.name},version=${project.version},title-link=https://github.com/xbib/${project.name}"
-    options.destinationDirectory(file("${projectDir}/docs/javadoc"))
-    configure(options) {
-        noTimestamp = true
-    }
-}*/

gradle/publish/forgejo.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+if (project.hasProperty('forgeJoToken')) {
+    publishing {
+        repositories {
+            maven {
+                url 'https://xbib.org/api/packages/xbib/maven'
+                credentials(HttpHeaderCredentials) {
+                    name = "Authorization"
+                    value = "token ${project.property('forgeJoToken')}"
+                }
+                authentication {
+                    header(HttpHeaderAuthentication)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

gradle/publish/ivy.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+apply plugin: 'ivy-publish'
+
+publishing {
+    repositories {
+        ivy {
+            url = "https://xbib.org/repo"
+        }
+    }
+    publications {
+        ivy(IvyPublication) {
+            from components.java
+            descriptor {
+                license {
+                    name = 'The Apache License, Version 2.0'
+                    url = 'http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt'
+                }
+                author {
+                    name = 'Jörg Prante'
+                    url = 'http://example.com/users/jane'
+                }
+                descriptor.description {
+                    text = rootProject.ext.description
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

gradle/publish/maven.gradle

@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 
-apply plugin: "de.marcphilipp.nexus-publish"
-
 publishing {
     publications {
-        mavenJava(MavenPublication) {
+        "${project.name}"(MavenPublication) {
             from components.java
-            artifact sourcesJar
-            artifact javadocJar
             pom {
+                artifactId = project.name
                 name = project.name
                 description = rootProject.ext.description
                 url = rootProject.ext.url
@@ -49,16 +46,6 @@ publishing {
 if (project.hasProperty("signing.keyId")) {
     apply plugin: 'signing'
     signing {
-        sign publishing.publications.mavenJava
-    }
-}
-
-nexusPublishing {
-    repositories {
-        sonatype {
-            username = project.property('ossrhUsername')
-            password = project.property('ossrhPassword')
-            packageGroup = "org.xbib"
-        }
+        sign publishing.publications."${project.name}"
     }
 }

gradle/publish/sonatype.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+if (project.hasProperty('ossrhUsername') && project.hasProperty('ossrhPassword')) {
+    nexusPublishing {
+        repositories {
+            sonatype {
+                username = project.property('ossrhUsername')
+                password = project.property('ossrhPassword')
+                packageGroup = "org.xbib"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

gradle/publishing/sonatype.gradle

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-
-if (project.hasProperty('ossrhUsername') && project.hasProperty('ossrhPassword')) {
-
-    apply plugin: 'io.codearte.nexus-staging'
-
-    nexusStaging {
-        username = project.property('ossrhUsername')
-        password = project.property('ossrhPassword')
-        packageGroup = "org.xbib"
-    }
-}

gradle/quality/checkstyle.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+apply plugin: 'checkstyle'
+
+tasks.withType(Checkstyle) {
+    ignoreFailures = true
+    reports {
+        xml.getRequired().set(true)
+        html.getRequired().set(true)
+    }
+}
+
+checkstyle {
+    configFile = rootProject.file('gradle/quality/checkstyle.xml')
+    ignoreFailures = true
+    showViolations = true
+    checkstyleMain {
+        source = sourceSets.main.allSource
+    }
+}

gradle/quality/checkstyle.xml

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ page at http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config.html -->
 
 <module name="Checker">
 
+    <module name="BeforeExecutionExclusionFileFilter">
+        <property name="fileNamePattern" value=".*(Example|Test|module-info)(\$.*)?"/>
+    </module>
+
     <module name="FileTabCharacter">
         <!-- Checks that there are no tab characters in the file.
         -->
@@ -56,10 +60,19 @@ page at http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config.html -->
             <!-- Checks for out of order import statements. -->
 
             <property name="severity" value="warning"/>
-            <property name="groups" value="com,junit,net,org,java,javax"/>
-            <!-- This ensures that static imports go first. -->
-            <property name="option" value="top"/>
-            <property name="tokens" value="STATIC_IMPORT, IMPORT"/>
+            <!-- <property name="tokens" value="IMPORT, STATIC_IMPORT"/> -->
+            <property name="separated" value="false"/>
+            <property name="groups" value="*"/>
+            <!-- <property name="option" value="above"/> -->
+            <property name="sortStaticImportsAlphabetically" value="true"/>
+        </module>
+
+        <module name="CustomImportOrder">
+            <!-- <property name="customImportOrderRules" value="THIRD_PARTY_PACKAGE###SPECIAL_IMPORTS###STANDARD_JAVA_PACKAGE###STATIC"/> -->
+            <!-- <property name="specialImportsRegExp" value="^javax\."/> -->
+            <!-- <property name="standardPackageRegExp" value="^java\."/> -->
+            <property name="sortImportsInGroupAlphabetically" value="true"/>
+            <property name="separateLineBetweenGroups" value="false"/>
         </module>
 
         <!--
@@ -71,14 +84,10 @@ page at http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config.html -->
         <!-- Checks for Javadoc comments.                     -->
         <!-- See http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_javadoc.html -->
         <module name="JavadocMethod">
-            <property name="scope" value="protected"/>
+            <property name="accessModifiers" value="protected"/>
             <property name="severity" value="warning"/>
-            <property name="allowMissingJavadoc" value="true"/>
             <property name="allowMissingParamTags" value="true"/>
             <property name="allowMissingReturnTag" value="true"/>
-            <property name="allowMissingThrowsTags" value="true"/>
-            <property name="allowThrowsTagsForSubclasses" value="true"/>
-            <property name="allowUndeclaredRTE" value="true"/>
         </module>
 
         <module name="JavadocType">
@@ -184,21 +193,6 @@ page at http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config.html -->
 
         -->
 
-        <module name="LineLength">
-            <!-- Checks if a line is too long. -->
-            <property name="max" value="${com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.sizes.LineLength.max}" default="128"/>
-            <property name="severity" value="error"/>
-
-            <!--
-              The default ignore pattern exempts the following elements:
-                - import statements
-                - long URLs inside comments
-            -->
-
-            <property name="ignorePattern"
-                      value="${com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.sizes.LineLength.ignorePattern}"
-                      default="^(package .*;\s*)|(import .*;\s*)|( *(\*|//).*https?://.*)$"/>
-        </module>
 
         <module name="LeftCurly">
             <!-- Checks for placement of the left curly brace ('{'). -->
@@ -319,5 +313,21 @@ page at http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/config.html -->
         </module>
 
     </module>
+
+    <module name="LineLength">
+        <!-- Checks if a line is too long. -->
+        <property name="max" value="${com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.sizes.LineLength.max}" default="128"/>
+        <property name="severity" value="error"/>
+
+        <!--
+          The default ignore pattern exempts the following elements:
+            - import statements
+            - long URLs inside comments
+        -->
+
+        <property name="ignorePattern"
+                  value="${com.puppycrawl.tools.checkstyle.checks.sizes.LineLength.ignorePattern}"
+                  default="^(package .*;\s*)|(import .*;\s*)|( *(\*|//).*https?://.*)$"/>
+    </module>
 </module>
 

gradle/quality/cyclonedx.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cyclonedxBom {
+    includeConfigs = [ 'runtimeClasspath' ]
+    skipConfigs = [ 'compileClasspath', 'testCompileClasspath' ]
+    projectType = "library"
+    schemaVersion = "1.4"
+    destination = file("build/reports")
+    outputName = "bom"
+    outputFormat = "json"
+    includeBomSerialNumber = true
+    componentVersion = "2.0.0"
+}

gradle/quality/pmd.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+apply plugin: 'pmd'
+
+tasks.withType(Pmd) {
+    ignoreFailures = true
+    reports {
+        xml.getRequired().set(true)
+        html.getRequired().set(true)
+    }
+}
+
+pmd {
+    ignoreFailures = true
+    consoleOutput = false
+    toolVersion = "6.51.0"
+    ruleSetFiles = rootProject.files('gradle/quality/pmd/category/java/bestpractices.xml')
+}

gradle/quality/pmd/category/java/bestpractices.xml

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ public abstract class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="AccessorClassGeneration"
+          language="java"
           since="1.04"
           maximumLanguageVersion="10"
           message="Avoid instantiation through private constructors from outside of the constructor's class."
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@ public class OuterClass {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="ArrayIsStoredDirectly"
+          language="java"
           since="2.2"
           message="The user-supplied array ''{0}'' is stored directly."
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.ArrayIsStoredDirectlyRule"
@@ -168,6 +170,7 @@ class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="AvoidReassigningLoopVariables"
+          language="java"
           since="6.11.0"
           message="Avoid reassigning the loop control variable ''{0}''"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.AvoidReassigningLoopVariablesRule"
@@ -216,6 +219,7 @@ public class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="AvoidReassigningParameters"
+          language="java"
           since="1.0"
           message="Avoid reassigning parameters such as ''{0}''"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.AvoidReassigningParametersRule"
@@ -265,6 +269,7 @@ public class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="AvoidUsingHardCodedIP"
+          language="java"
           since="4.1"
           message="Do not hard code the IP address ${variableName}"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.AvoidUsingHardCodedIPRule"
@@ -493,7 +498,7 @@ for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j += 2) {
             <property name="xpath">
                 <value>
                     <![CDATA[
-//ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Image='suite']]
+//ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Name='suite']]
 [MethodDeclaration/ResultType/Type/ReferenceType/ClassOrInterfaceType[pmd-java:typeIs('junit.framework.Test')]]
 [not(MethodDeclaration/Block//ClassOrInterfaceType[pmd-java:typeIs('junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter')])]
 ]]>
@@ -535,7 +540,7 @@ public class GoodTest {
                 <value>
                     <![CDATA[
 //ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration
-    [MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Image='tearDown']]
+    [MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Name='tearDown']]
     [count(Annotation//Name[
            pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.After')
         or pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach')
@@ -579,7 +584,7 @@ public class MyTest2 {
                 <value>
                     <![CDATA[
 //ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration
-    [MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Image='setUp']]
+    [MethodDeclaration/MethodDeclarator[@Name='setUp']]
     [count(Annotation//Name[
            pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.Before')
         or pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach')
@@ -623,10 +628,10 @@ public class MyTest2 {
                 <value>
                     <![CDATA[
 //ClassOrInterfaceDeclaration[
-       matches(@Image, $testClassPattern)
+       matches(@SimpleName, $testClassPattern)
         or ExtendsList/ClassOrInterfaceType[pmd-java:typeIs('junit.framework.TestCase')]]
 
-    /ClassOrInterfaceBody/ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[MethodDeclaration[@Public=true()]/MethodDeclarator[starts-with(@Image, 'test')]]
+    /ClassOrInterfaceBody/ClassOrInterfaceBodyDeclaration[MethodDeclaration[@Public=true()]/MethodDeclarator[starts-with(@Name, 'test')]]
     [not(Annotation//Name[
         pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.Test')
         or pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.jupiter.api.Test') or pmd-java:typeIs('org.junit.jupiter.api.RepeatedTest')
@@ -656,6 +661,7 @@ public class MyTest {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="JUnitAssertionsShouldIncludeMessage"
+          language="java"
           since="1.04"
           message="JUnit assertions should include a message"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.JUnitAssertionsShouldIncludeMessageRule"
@@ -734,6 +740,7 @@ public class MyTestCase extends TestCase {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="JUnitTestsShouldIncludeAssert"
+          language="java"
           since="2.0"
           message="JUnit tests should include assert() or fail()"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.JUnitTestsShouldIncludeAssertRule"
@@ -758,6 +765,7 @@ public class Foo extends TestCase {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="JUnitUseExpected"
+          language="java"
           since="4.0"
           message="In JUnit4, use the @Test(expected) annotation to denote tests that should throw exceptions"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.JUnitUseExpectedRule"
@@ -788,6 +796,7 @@ public class MyTest {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="LooseCoupling"
+          language="java"
           since="0.7"
           message="Avoid using implementation types like ''{0}''; use the interface instead"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.LooseCouplingRule"
@@ -824,6 +833,7 @@ public class Bar {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="MethodReturnsInternalArray"
+          language="java"
           since="2.2"
           message="Returning ''{0}'' may expose an internal array."
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.MethodReturnsInternalArrayRule"
@@ -848,6 +858,7 @@ public class SecureSystem {
 
 
     <rule name="MissingOverride"
+          language="java"
           since="6.2.0"
           minimumLanguageVersion="1.5"
           message="The method ''{0}'' is missing an @Override annotation."
@@ -1000,6 +1011,7 @@ class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="PreserveStackTrace"
+          language="java"
           since="3.7"
           message="New exception is thrown in catch block, original stack trace may be lost"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.PreserveStackTraceRule"
@@ -1217,6 +1229,7 @@ public class Foo {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="UnusedImports"
+          language="java"
           since="1.0"
           message="Avoid unused imports such as ''{0}''"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.UnusedImportsRule"
@@ -1489,6 +1502,7 @@ public class MyTestCase extends TestCase {
     </rule>
 
     <rule name="UseCollectionIsEmpty"
+          language="java"
           since="3.9"
           message="Substitute calls to size() == 0 (or size() != 0, size() &gt; 0, size() &lt; 1) with calls to isEmpty()"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.java.rule.bestpractices.UseCollectionIsEmptyRule"
@@ -1546,7 +1560,7 @@ public class Foo {
 ][
     pmd-java:typeIs('java.lang.AutoCloseable')
     or
-    ../../PrimarySuffix/Arguments[@ArgumentCount = 1]//PrimaryPrefix[pmd-java:typeIs('java.lang.AutoCloseable')]
+    ../../PrimarySuffix/Arguments[@Size = 1]//PrimaryPrefix[pmd-java:typeIs('java.lang.AutoCloseable')]
 ]]
 ]]>
                 </value>

gradle/quality/pmd/category/java/categories.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-#
-# BSD-style license; for more info see http://pmd.sourceforge.net/license.html
-#
 
 rulesets.filenames=\
     category/java/bestpractices.xml,\

gradle/quality/pmd/category/java/codestyle.xml

@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ public class HelloWorldBean {
             <![CDATA[
 public class Foo {
     void bar() {
-        for (;true;) true; // No Init or Update part, may as well be: while (true)
+        for (;true;) true; // No Init or Update message, may as well be: while (true)
     }
 }
 ]]>

gradle/quality/pmd/category/java/errorprone.xml

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public class A {
           message="Avoid using a branching statement as the last in a loop."
           externalInfoUrl="${pmd.website.baseurl}/pmd_rules_java_errorprone.html#avoidbranchingstatementaslastinloop">
         <description>
-            Using a branching statement as the last part of a loop may be a bug, and/or is confusing.
+            Using a branching statement as the last message of a loop may be a bug, and/or is confusing.
             Ensure that the usage is not a bug, or consider using another approach.
         </description>
         <priority>2</priority>
@@ -1554,7 +1554,7 @@ public class Foo {
     <rule name="EmptyStatementNotInLoop"
           language="java"
           since="1.5"
-          message="An empty statement (semicolon) not part of a loop"
+          message="An empty statement (semicolon) not message of a loop"
           class="net.sourceforge.pmd.lang.rule.XPathRule"
           externalInfoUrl="${pmd.website.baseurl}/pmd_rules_java_errorprone.html#emptystatementnotinloop">
         <description>

gradle/quality/sonarqube.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+subprojects {
+
+    sonarqube {
+        properties {
+            property "sonar.projectName", "${project.group} ${project.name}"
+            property "sonar.sourceEncoding", "UTF-8"
+            property "sonar.tests", "src/test/java"
+            property "sonar.scm.provider", "git"
+            property "sonar.junit.reportsPath", "build/test-results/test/"
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    tasks.withType(Pmd) {
+        ignoreFailures = true
+        reports {
+            xml.enabled = true
+            html.enabled = true
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    spotbugs {
+        effort = "max"
+        reportLevel = "low"
+        //includeFilter = file("findbugs-exclude.xml")
+    }
+
+    tasks.withType(com.github.spotbugs.SpotBugsTask) {
+        ignoreFailures = true
+        reports {
+            xml.enabled = false
+            html.enabled = true
+        }
+    }
+}

gradle/quality/spotbugs.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+apply plugin: 'com.github.spotbugs'
+
+spotbugs {
+    effort = "max"
+    reportLevel = "low"
+    ignoreFailures = true
+}
+
+spotbugsMain {
+    reports {
+        xml.getRequired().set(false)
+        html.getRequired().set(true)
+    }
+}

gradle/repositories/maven.gradle

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+repositories {
+    mavenLocal()
+    mavenCentral()
+}

gradle/test/junit5.gradle

@@ -1,17 +1,30 @@
-
-def junitVersion = project.hasProperty('junit.version')?project.property('junit.version'):'5.7.0'
-def hamcrestVersion = project.hasProperty('hamcrest.version')?project.property('hamcrest.version'):'2.2'
-
 dependencies {
-    testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${junitVersion}"
-    testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:${junitVersion}"
-    testImplementation "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:${hamcrestVersion}"
-    testRuntimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${junitVersion}"
+    testImplementation testLibs.junit.jupiter.api
+    testImplementation testLibs.junit.jupiter.params
+    testImplementation testLibs.hamcrest
+    testRuntimeOnly testLibs.junit.jupiter.engine
+    testRuntimeOnly testLibs.junit.jupiter.platform.launcher
 }
 
 test {
     useJUnitPlatform()
-    failFast = true
+    failFast = false
+    jvmArgs '--add-exports=java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-exports=java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-exports=java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-opens=java.base/java.lang.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-opens=java.base/java.nio=ALL-UNNAMED',
+            '--add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED'
+    systemProperty 'java.util.logging.config.file', 'src/test/resources/logging.properties'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible', 'false'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.allocator.typ', 'pooled'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.noUnsafe', 'true'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.noKeySetOptimization', 'true'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.eventLoopThreads', '8'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.recycler.maxCapacityPerThread', '0'
+    systemProperty 'io.netty.transport.noNative', 'true'
     testLogging {
         events 'STARTED', 'PASSED', 'FAILED', 'SKIPPED'
     }

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-6.6.1-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.7-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

gradlew

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
+#!/bin/sh
 
 #
-# Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
+# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,67 +17,99 @@
 #
 
 ##############################################################################
-##
-##  Gradle start up script for UN*X
-##
+#
+#   Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
+#
+#   Important for running:
+#
+#   (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
+#       noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
+#       bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
+#       command line, like:
+#
+#           ksh Gradle
+#
+#       Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
+#       requires all of these POSIX shell features:
+#         * functions;
+#         * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
+#           «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
+#         * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
+#         * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
+#
+#   Important for patching:
+#
+#   (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
+#       by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
+#
+#       The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
+#       space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
+#       problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
+#       options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
+#
+#       Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
+#       and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
+#       see the in-line comments for details.
+#
+#       There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
+#       Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
+#
+#   (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
+#       https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/HEAD/subprojects/plugins/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
+#       within the Gradle project.
+#
+#       You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
+#
 ##############################################################################
 
 # Attempt to set APP_HOME
+
 # Resolve links: $0 may be a link
-PRG="$0"
-# Need this for relative symlinks.
-while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
-    ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
-    link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
-    if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
-        PRG="$link"
-    else
-        PRG=`dirname "$PRG"`"/$link"
-    fi
+app_path=$0
+
+# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
+while
+    APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"}  # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
+    [ -h "$app_path" ]
+do
+    ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
+    link=${ls#*' -> '}
+    case $link in             #(
+      /*)   app_path=$link ;; #(
+      *)    app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
+    esac
 done
-SAVED="`pwd`"
-cd "`dirname \"$PRG\"`/" >/dev/null
-APP_HOME="`pwd -P`"
-cd "$SAVED" >/dev/null
 
-APP_NAME="Gradle"
-APP_BASE_NAME=`basename "$0"`
-
-# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
-DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+# This is normally unused
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
+# Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036)
+APP_HOME=$( cd "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && pwd -P ) || exit
 
 # Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
-MAX_FD="maximum"
+MAX_FD=maximum
 
 warn () {
     echo "$*"
-}
+} >&2
 
 die () {
     echo
     echo "$*"
     echo
     exit 1
-}
+} >&2
 
 # OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
 cygwin=false
 msys=false
 darwin=false
 nonstop=false
-case "`uname`" in
-  CYGWIN* )
-    cygwin=true
-    ;;
-  Darwin* )
-    darwin=true
-    ;;
-  MINGW* )
-    msys=true
-    ;;
-  NONSTOP* )
-    nonstop=true
-    ;;
+case "$( uname )" in                #(
+  CYGWIN* )         cygwin=true  ;; #(
+  Darwin* )         darwin=true  ;; #(
+  MSYS* | MINGW* )  msys=true    ;; #(
+  NONSTOP* )        nonstop=true ;;
 esac
 
 CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
@@ -87,9 +119,9 @@ CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
 if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
     if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
         # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
-        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
     else
-        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
     fi
     if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
         die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
@@ -98,88 +130,120 @@ Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
 location of your Java installation."
     fi
 else
-    JAVACMD="java"
-    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+    JAVACMD=java
+    if ! command -v java >/dev/null 2>&1
+    then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
 
 Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
 location of your Java installation."
+    fi
 fi
 
 # Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
-if [ "$cygwin" = "false" -a "$darwin" = "false" -a "$nonstop" = "false" ] ; then
-    MAX_FD_LIMIT=`ulimit -H -n`
-    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
-        if [ "$MAX_FD" = "maximum" -o "$MAX_FD" = "max" ] ; then
-            MAX_FD="$MAX_FD_LIMIT"
-        fi
-        ulimit -n $MAX_FD
-        if [ $? -ne 0 ] ; then
-            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD"
-        fi
-    else
-        warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit: $MAX_FD_LIMIT"
-    fi
-fi
-
-# For Darwin, add options to specify how the application appears in the dock
-if $darwin; then
-    GRADLE_OPTS="$GRADLE_OPTS \"-Xdock:name=$APP_NAME\" \"-Xdock:icon=$APP_HOME/media/gradle.icns\""
-fi
-
-# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
-if [ "$cygwin" = "true" -o "$msys" = "true" ] ; then
-    APP_HOME=`cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME"`
-    CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH"`
-
-    JAVACMD=`cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD"`
-
-    # We build the pattern for arguments to be converted via cygpath
-    ROOTDIRSRAW=`find -L / -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type d 2>/dev/null`
-    SEP=""
-    for dir in $ROOTDIRSRAW ; do
-        ROOTDIRS="$ROOTDIRS$SEP$dir"
-        SEP="|"
-    done
-    OURCYGPATTERN="(^($ROOTDIRS))"
-    # Add a user-defined pattern to the cygpath arguments
-    if [ "$GRADLE_CYGPATTERN" != "" ] ; then
-        OURCYGPATTERN="$OURCYGPATTERN|($GRADLE_CYGPATTERN)"
-    fi
-    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
-    i=0
-    for arg in "$@" ; do
-        CHECK=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "$OURCYGPATTERN" -`
-        CHECK2=`echo "$arg"|egrep -c "^-"`                                 ### Determine if an option
-
-        if [ $CHECK -ne 0 ] && [ $CHECK2 -eq 0 ] ; then                    ### Added a condition
-            eval `echo args$i`=`cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg"`
-        else
-            eval `echo args$i`="\"$arg\""
-        fi
-        i=`expr $i + 1`
-    done
-    case $i in
-        0) set -- ;;
-        1) set -- "$args0" ;;
-        2) set -- "$args0" "$args1" ;;
-        3) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" ;;
-        4) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" ;;
-        5) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" ;;
-        6) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" ;;
-        7) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" ;;
-        8) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" ;;
-        9) set -- "$args0" "$args1" "$args2" "$args3" "$args4" "$args5" "$args6" "$args7" "$args8" ;;
+if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
+    case $MAX_FD in #(
+      max*)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -H is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
+            warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
+    esac
+    case $MAX_FD in  #(
+      '' | soft) :;; #(
+      *)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -n is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
     esac
 fi
 
-# Escape application args
-save () {
-    for i do printf %s\\n "$i" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/' \\\\/" ; done
-    echo " "
-}
-APP_ARGS=`save "$@"`
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
+#   * args from the command line
+#   * the main class name
+#   * -classpath
+#   * -D...appname settings
+#   * --module-path (only if needed)
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
 
-# Collect all arguments for the java command, following the shell quoting and substitution rules
-eval set -- $DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS "\"-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME\"" -classpath "\"$CLASSPATH\"" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$APP_ARGS"
+# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
+    APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
+    CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
+
+    JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
+
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    for arg do
+        if
+            case $arg in                                #(
+              -*)   false ;;                            # don't mess with options #(
+              /?*)  t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*}              # looks like a POSIX filepath
+                    [ -e "$t" ] ;;                      #(
+              *)    false ;;
+            esac
+        then
+            arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
+        fi
+        # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
+        # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
+        # possibly modified.
+        #
+        # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
+        # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
+        # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
+        shift                   # remove old arg
+        set -- "$@" "$arg"      # push replacement arg
+    done
+fi
+
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command:
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
+#     and any embedded shellness will be escaped.
+#   * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be
+#     treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line.
+
+set -- \
+        "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
+        "$@"
+
+# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
+if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    die "xargs is not available"
+fi
+
+# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
+#
+# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
+#
+# In Bash we could simply go:
+#
+#   readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
+#   set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
+#
+# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
+# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
+# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
+# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
+# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
+#
+# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
+# an unmatched quote.
+#
+
+eval "set -- $(
+        printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
+        xargs -n1 |
+        sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
+        tr '\n' ' '
+    )" '"$@"'
 
 exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"

gradlew.bat

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 @rem limitations under the License.
 @rem
 
-@if "%DEBUG%" == "" @echo off
+@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
 @rem ##########################################################################
 @rem
 @rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
 if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
 
 set DIRNAME=%~dp0
-if "%DIRNAME%" == "" set DIRNAME=.
+if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
+@rem This is normally unused
 set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
 set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
 
@@ -40,13 +41,13 @@ if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
 
 set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
 %JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
-if "%ERRORLEVEL%" == "0" goto execute
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
 
-echo.
-echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
-echo.
-echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
-echo location of your Java installation.
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
 
 goto fail
 
@@ -56,11 +57,11 @@ set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
 
 if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
 
-echo.
-echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
-echo.
-echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
-echo location of your Java installation.
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
 
 goto fail
 
@@ -75,13 +76,15 @@ set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
 
 :end
 @rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
-if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" goto mainEnd
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd
 
 :fail
 rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
 rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
-if  not "" == "%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit 1
-exit /b 1
+set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
+if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
+if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
+exit /b %EXIT_CODE%
 
 :mainEnd
 if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal

oai-client/build.gradle

@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 dependencies {
     api project(':oai-common')
-    testImplementation "org.xbib:marc:${project.property('xbib-marc.version')}"
-    testImplementation "org.xbib:bibliographic-character-sets:${project.property('xbib-bibliographic-character-sets.version')}"
+    testImplementation libs.marc
+    testImplementation libs.charactersets
+}
+
+def patchArgs = ['--patch-module', "org.xbib.oai.client.test=" + sourceSets.test.resources.sourceDirectories.singleFile]
+
+tasks.named('compileTestJava') {
+    options.compilerArgs += patchArgs
+}
+
+tasks.named('test') {
+    jvmArgs += patchArgs
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ module org.xbib.oai.client {
     exports org.xbib.oai.client.listmetadataformats;
     exports org.xbib.oai.client.listrecords;
     exports org.xbib.oai.client.listsets;
-    requires org.xbib.oai;
-    requires org.xbib.net.url;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.client.util;
+    requires transitive org.xbib.oai;
     requires org.xbib.content.xml;
     requires java.xml;
     requires java.logging;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/OAIClient.java

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 package org.xbib.oai.client;
 
-import org.xbib.net.URL;
-import org.xbib.oai.client.getrecord.GetRecordRequest;
+import org.xbib.oai.OAIConstants;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyRequest;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyResponse;
-import org.xbib.oai.client.listidentifiers.ListIdentifiersRequest;
-import org.xbib.oai.client.listmetadataformats.ListMetadataFormatsRequest;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.listrecords.ListRecordsRequest;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.listrecords.ListRecordsResponse;
-import org.xbib.oai.client.listsets.ListSetsRequest;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlBuilder;
 import org.xbib.oai.exceptions.NoRecordsMatchException;
 import org.xbib.oai.util.ResumptionToken;
 import org.xbib.oai.xml.MetadataHandler;
@@ -76,7 +73,7 @@ public class OAIClient {
     public IdentifyResponse identify() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
         IdentifyRequest identifyRequest = new IdentifyRequest();
         IdentifyResponse identifyResponse = new IdentifyResponse();
-        URL.Builder url = URL.from(baseURL).mutator();
+        UrlBuilder url = UrlBuilder.fromUrl(baseURL);
         identifyRequest.getParams().forEach(url::queryParam);
         HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
                 .uri(URI.create(url.build().toExternalForm()))
@@ -99,18 +96,12 @@ public class OAIClient {
      * to the formats available for a specific item.
      * @return list metadata formats request
      */
-    public ListMetadataFormatsRequest newListMetadataFormatsRequest() {
-        return new ListMetadataFormatsRequest();
-    }
 
     /**
      * This verb is used to retrieve the set structure of a repository,
      * useful for selective harvesting.
      * @return list sets request
      */
-    public ListSetsRequest newListSetsRequest() {
-        return new ListSetsRequest();
-    }
 
     /**
      * This verb is an abbreviated form of ListRecords, retrieving only
@@ -122,9 +113,6 @@ public class OAIClient {
      * @return list identifiers request
      *
      */
-    public ListIdentifiersRequest newListIdentifiersRequest() {
-        return new ListIdentifiersRequest();
-    }
 
     /**
      * This verb is used to retrieve an individual metadata record from
@@ -137,9 +125,6 @@ public class OAIClient {
      * repository or from the specified item.
      * @return get record request
      */
-    public GetRecordRequest newGetRecordRequest() {
-        return new GetRecordRequest();
-    }
 
     /**
      * This verb is used to harvest records from a repository.
@@ -195,10 +180,18 @@ public class OAIClient {
                         listRecordsRequest.addHandler(handler);
                     }
                     ListRecordsResponse listRecordsResponse = new ListRecordsResponse(listRecordsRequest);
-                    URL.Builder url = URL.from(baseURL).mutator();
-                    listRecordsRequest.getParams().forEach(url::queryParam);
+                    UrlBuilder url = UrlBuilder.fromUrl(baseURL);
+                    // kind of hacky here - suppress all OAI params if resumption token is present
+                    if (listRecordsRequest.getResumptionToken() == null) {
+                        listRecordsRequest.getParams().forEach(url::queryParam);
+                    } else {
+                        url.queryParam(OAIConstants.VERB_PARAMETER, OAIConstants.LIST_RECORDS);
+                        url.queryParam(OAIConstants.RESUMPTION_TOKEN_PARAMETER, listRecordsRequest.getResumptionToken().toString());
+                    }
+
+                    URI uri = URI.create(url.build().toExternalForm());
                     HttpRequest httpRequest = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
-                            .uri(URI.create(url.build().toExternalForm()))
+                            .uri(uri)
                             .header("accept", "utf-8")
                             .header("user-agent", userAgent != null ? userAgent : "xbib OAI client")
                             .GET()
@@ -216,7 +209,6 @@ public class OAIClient {
                         byte[] b = httpResponse.body();
                         if (b.length > 0) {
                             consumer.accept(new ByteArrayInputStream(b));
-                            logger.log(Level.FINE, "body consumed: " + body);
                         }
                     } else {
                         HttpResponse<String> httpResponse = httpClient.send(httpRequest, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
@@ -262,81 +254,15 @@ public class OAIClient {
         }
     }
 
-    public IdentifyRequest resume(IdentifyRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
-        if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
-        }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        IdentifyRequest nextRequest = new IdentifyRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
-    }
-
     public ListRecordsRequest resume(ListRecordsRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
+        ListRecordsRequest nextRequest = token != null ? new ListRecordsRequest() : request;
+        if (token != null) {
+            nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
+        }
         if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
+            nextRequest.setRetry(false);
+            return nextRequest;
         }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        ListRecordsRequest nextRequest = new ListRecordsRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
-    }
-
-    public ListIdentifiersRequest resume(ListIdentifiersRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
-        if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
-        }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        ListIdentifiersRequest nextRequest = newListIdentifiersRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
-    }
-
-    public ListMetadataFormatsRequest resume(ListMetadataFormatsRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
-        if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
-        }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        ListMetadataFormatsRequest nextRequest = newListMetadataFormatsRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
-    }
-
-    public ListSetsRequest resume(ListSetsRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
-        if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
-        }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        ListSetsRequest nextRequest = newListSetsRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
-    }
-
-    public GetRecordRequest resume(GetRecordRequest request, ResumptionToken<?> token) {
-        if (request.isRetry()) {
-            request.setRetry(false);
-            return request;
-        }
-        if (token == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        GetRecordRequest nextRequest = newGetRecordRequest();
-        nextRequest.setResumptionToken(token);
-        return nextRequest;
+        return token != null ? nextRequest : null;
     }
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/getrecord/GetRecordRequest.java

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.getrecord;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.client.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class GetRecordRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public GetRecordRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(VERB_PARAMETER, GET_RECORD);

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/getrecord/GetRecordResponse.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.getrecord;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.OAIResponse;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class GetRecordResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
+    public GetRecordResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/getrecord/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI get record verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.getrecord;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/identify/IdentifyRequest.java

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.identify;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.client.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class IdentifyRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public IdentifyRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(VERB_PARAMETER, IDENTIFY);

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/identify/IdentifyResponse.java

@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@ import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
 import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
 import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class IdentifyResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
     private String repositoryName;
@@ -40,6 +37,9 @@ public class IdentifyResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
     private String compression;
 
+    public IdentifyResponse() {
+    }
+
     public void receivedResponse(String message, int statusCode, String contentType, String retryAfter, Writer writer) {
         try {
             DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/identify/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI identify verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.identify;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listidentifiers/ListIdentifiersRequest.java

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.listidentifiers;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.client.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListIdentifiersRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public ListIdentifiersRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(VERB_PARAMETER, LIST_IDENTIFIERS);

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listidentifiers/ListIdentifiersResponse.java

@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ import org.xbib.oai.OAIResponse;
 
 public class ListIdentifiersResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
+    public ListIdentifiersResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listidentifiers/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list identifiers verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.listidentifiers;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listmetadataformats/ListMetadataFormatsRequest.java

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.listmetadataformats;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.client.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListMetadataFormatsRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public ListMetadataFormatsRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(VERB_PARAMETER, LIST_METADATA_FORMATS);

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listmetadataformats/ListMetadataFormatsResponse.java

@@ -4,4 +4,6 @@ import org.xbib.oai.OAIResponse;
 
 public class ListMetadataFormatsResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
+    public ListMetadataFormatsResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listmetadataformats/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list metadata formats verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.listmetadataformats;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listrecords/ListRecordsRequest.java

@@ -7,17 +7,16 @@ import org.xbib.oai.xml.MetadataHandler;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListRecordsRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
-    private List<MetadataHandler> handlers = new LinkedList<>();
+    private final List<MetadataHandler> handlers = new LinkedList<>();
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public ListRecordsRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(OAIConstants.VERB_PARAMETER, LIST_RECORDS);
     }
+
     public ListRecordsRequest addHandler(MetadataHandler handler) {
         handlers.add(handler);
         return this;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listrecords/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list records verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.listrecords;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listsets/ListSetsRequest.java

@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.listsets;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.client.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListSetsRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    @SuppressWarnings("this-escape")
     public ListSetsRequest() {
         super();
         addParameter(VERB_PARAMETER, LIST_SETS);

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listsets/ListSetsResponse.java

@@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ package org.xbib.oai.client.listsets;
 import org.xbib.oai.OAIResponse;
 
 public class ListSetsResponse implements OAIResponse {
+
+    public ListSetsResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/listsets/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list sets verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client.listsets;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Classes for OAI client.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client;

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/util/PercentDecoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.util;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
+import java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException;
+import java.nio.charset.UnmappableCharacterException;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.CoderResult.OVERFLOW;
+import static java.nio.charset.CoderResult.UNDERFLOW;
+
+/**
+ * Decodes percent-encoded (%XX) Unicode text.
+ */
+public final class PercentDecoder {
+
+    /**
+     * bytes represented by the current sequence of %-triples. Resized as needed.
+     */
+    private ByteBuffer encodedBuf;
+
+    /**
+     * Written to with decoded chars by decoder
+     */
+    private final CharBuffer decodedCharBuf;
+    private final CharsetDecoder decoder;
+
+    /**
+     * The decoded string for the current input
+     */
+    private final StringBuilder outputBuf = new StringBuilder();
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a new PercentDecoder with default buffer sizes.
+     *
+     * @param charsetDecoder Charset to decode bytes into chars with
+     * @see PercentDecoder#PercentDecoder(CharsetDecoder, int, int)
+     */
+    public PercentDecoder(CharsetDecoder charsetDecoder) {
+        this(charsetDecoder, 16, 16);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param charsetDecoder            Charset to decode bytes into chars with
+     * @param initialEncodedByteBufSize Initial size of buffer that holds encoded bytes
+     * @param decodedCharBufSize        Size of buffer that encoded bytes are decoded into
+     */
+    public PercentDecoder(CharsetDecoder charsetDecoder, int initialEncodedByteBufSize,
+        int decodedCharBufSize) {
+        encodedBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(initialEncodedByteBufSize);
+        decodedCharBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(decodedCharBufSize);
+        decoder = charsetDecoder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param input Input with %-encoded representation of characters in this instance's configured character set, e.g.
+     *              "%20" for a space character
+     * @return Corresponding string with %-encoded data decoded and converted to their corresponding characters
+     * @throws MalformedInputException      if decoder is configured to report errors and malformed input is detected
+     * @throws UnmappableCharacterException if decoder is configured to report errors and an unmappable character is
+     *                                      detected
+     */
+    public String decode(CharSequence input) throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        outputBuf.setLength(0);
+        // this is almost always an underestimate of the size needed:
+        // only a 4-byte encoding (which is 12 characters input) would case this to be an overestimate
+        outputBuf.ensureCapacity(input.length() / 8);
+        encodedBuf.clear();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
+            char c = input.charAt(i);
+            if (c != '%') {
+                handleEncodedBytes();
+
+                outputBuf.append(c);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (i + 2 >= input.length()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Could not percent decode <" + input + ">: incomplete %-pair at position " + i);
+            }
+
+            // grow the byte buf if needed
+            if (encodedBuf.remaining() == 0) {
+                ByteBuffer largerBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(encodedBuf.capacity() * 2);
+                encodedBuf.flip();
+                largerBuf.put(encodedBuf);
+                encodedBuf = largerBuf;
+            }
+
+            // note that we advance i here as we consume chars
+            int msBits = Character.digit(input.charAt(++i), 16);
+            int lsBits = Character.digit(input.charAt(++i), 16);
+
+            if (msBits == -1 || lsBits == -1) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid %-tuple <" + input.subSequence(i - 2, i + 1) + ">");
+            }
+
+            msBits <<= 4;
+            msBits |= lsBits;
+
+            // msBits can only have 8 bits set, so cast is safe
+            encodedBuf.put((byte) msBits);
+        }
+
+        handleEncodedBytes();
+
+        return outputBuf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decode any buffered encoded bytes and write them to the output buf.
+     */
+    private void handleEncodedBytes() throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        if (encodedBuf.position() == 0) {
+            // nothing to do
+            return;
+        }
+
+        decoder.reset();
+        CoderResult coderResult;
+
+        // switch to reading mode
+        encodedBuf.flip();
+
+        // loop while we're filling up the decoded char buf, or there's any encoded bytes
+        // decode() in practice seems to only consume bytes when it can decode an entire char...
+        do {
+            decodedCharBuf.clear();
+            coderResult = decoder.decode(encodedBuf, decodedCharBuf, false);
+            throwIfError(coderResult);
+            appendDecodedChars();
+        } while (coderResult == OVERFLOW && encodedBuf.hasRemaining());
+
+        // final decode with end-of-input flag
+        decodedCharBuf.clear();
+        coderResult = decoder.decode(encodedBuf, decodedCharBuf, true);
+        throwIfError(coderResult);
+
+        if (encodedBuf.hasRemaining()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Final decode didn't error, but didn't consume remaining input bytes");
+        }
+        if (coderResult != UNDERFLOW) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected underflow, but instead final decode returned " + coderResult);
+        }
+
+        appendDecodedChars();
+
+        // we've finished the input, wrap it up
+        encodedBuf.clear();
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Must only be called when the input encoded bytes buffer is empty
+     */
+    private void flush() throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        CoderResult coderResult;
+        decodedCharBuf.clear();
+
+        coderResult = decoder.flush(decodedCharBuf);
+        appendDecodedChars();
+
+        throwIfError(coderResult);
+
+        if (coderResult != UNDERFLOW) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Decoder flush resulted in " + coderResult);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If coderResult is considered an error (i.e. not overflow or underflow), throw the corresponding
+     * CharacterCodingException.
+     *
+     * @param coderResult result to check
+     * @throws MalformedInputException      if result represents malformed input
+     * @throws UnmappableCharacterException if result represents an unmappable character
+     */
+    private void throwIfError(CoderResult coderResult) throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        if (coderResult.isMalformed()) {
+            throw new MalformedInputException(coderResult.length());
+        }
+        if (coderResult.isUnmappable()) {
+            throw new UnmappableCharacterException(coderResult.length());
+        }    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flip the decoded char buf and append it to the string bug
+     */
+    private void appendDecodedChars() {
+        decodedCharBuf.flip();
+        outputBuf.append(decodedCharBuf);
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/util/PercentEncoder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.util;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.CoderResult;
+import java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException;
+import java.nio.charset.UnmappableCharacterException;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+
+import static java.lang.Character.isHighSurrogate;
+import static java.lang.Character.isLowSurrogate;
+
+/**
+ * Encodes unsafe characters as a sequence of %XX hex-encoded bytes.
+ *
+ * This is typically done when encoding components of URLs. See {@link UrlPercentEncoders} for pre-configured
+ * PercentEncoder instances.
+ */
+public final class PercentEncoder {
+
+    private static final char[] HEX_CODE = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
+
+    private final BitSet safeChars;
+    private final CharsetEncoder encoder;
+    /**
+     * Pre-allocate a string handler to make the common case of encoding to a string faster
+     */
+    private final StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler stringHandler = new StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler();
+    private final ByteBuffer encodedBytes;
+    private final CharBuffer unsafeCharsToEncode;
+
+    /**
+     * @param safeChars      the set of chars to NOT encode, stored as a bitset with the int positions corresponding to
+     *                       those chars set to true. Treated as read only.
+     * @param charsetEncoder charset encoder to encode characters with. Make sure to not re-use CharsetEncoder instances
+     *                       across threads.
+     */
+    public PercentEncoder(BitSet safeChars, CharsetEncoder charsetEncoder) {
+        this.safeChars = safeChars;
+        this.encoder = charsetEncoder;
+
+        // why is this a float? sigh.
+        int maxBytesPerChar = 1 + (int) encoder.maxBytesPerChar();
+        // need to handle surrogate pairs, so need to be able to handle 2 chars worth of stuff at once
+        encodedBytes = ByteBuffer.allocate(maxBytesPerChar * 2);
+        unsafeCharsToEncode = CharBuffer.allocate(2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode the input and pass output chars to a handler.
+     *
+     * @param input   input string
+     * @param handler handler to call on each output character
+     * @throws MalformedInputException      if encoder is configured to report errors and malformed input is detected
+     * @throws UnmappableCharacterException if encoder is configured to report errors and an unmappable character is
+     *                                      detected
+     */
+    public void encode(CharSequence input, StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler handler) throws
+        MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
+
+            char c = input.charAt(i);
+
+            if (safeChars.get(c)) {
+                handler.onOutputChar(c);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // not a safe char
+            unsafeCharsToEncode.clear();
+            unsafeCharsToEncode.append(c);
+            if (isHighSurrogate(c)) {
+                if (input.length() > i + 1) {
+                    // get the low surrogate as well
+                    char lowSurrogate = input.charAt(i + 1);
+                    if (isLowSurrogate(lowSurrogate)) {
+                        unsafeCharsToEncode.append(lowSurrogate);
+                        i++;
+                    } else {
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                            "Invalid UTF-16: Char " + (i) + " is a high surrogate (\\u" + Integer
+                                .toHexString(c) + "), but char " + (i + 1) + " is not a low surrogate (\\u" + Integer
+                                .toHexString(lowSurrogate) + ")");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Invalid UTF-16: The last character in the input string was a high surrogate (\\u" + Integer
+                            .toHexString(c) + ")");
+                }
+            }
+
+            flushUnsafeCharBuffer(handler);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode the input and return the resulting text as a String.
+     *
+     * @param input input string
+     * @return the input string with every character that's not in safeChars turned into its byte representation via the
+     * instance's encoder and then percent-encoded
+     * @throws MalformedInputException      if encoder is configured to report errors and malformed input is detected
+     * @throws UnmappableCharacterException if encoder is configured to report errors and an unmappable character is
+     *                                      detected
+     */
+    public String encode(CharSequence input) throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        stringHandler.reset();
+        stringHandler.ensureCapacity(input.length());
+        encode(input, stringHandler);
+        return stringHandler.getContents();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode unsafeCharsToEncode to bytes as per charsetEncoder, then percent-encode those bytes into output.
+     *
+     * Side effects: unsafeCharsToEncode will be read from and cleared. encodedBytes will be cleared and written to.
+     *
+     */
+    private void flushUnsafeCharBuffer(StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler handler) throws MalformedInputException,
+        UnmappableCharacterException {
+        // need to read from the char buffer, which was most recently written to
+        unsafeCharsToEncode.flip();
+
+        encodedBytes.clear();
+
+        encoder.reset();
+        CoderResult result = encoder.encode(unsafeCharsToEncode, encodedBytes, true);
+        checkResult(result);
+        result = encoder.flush(encodedBytes);
+        checkResult(result);
+
+        // read contents of bytebuffer
+        encodedBytes.flip();
+
+        while (encodedBytes.hasRemaining()) {
+            byte b = encodedBytes.get();
+            handler.onOutputChar('%');
+            handler.onOutputChar(HEX_CODE[b >> 4 & 0xF]);
+            handler.onOutputChar(HEX_CODE[b & 0xF]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param result result to check
+     * @throws IllegalStateException        if result is overflow
+     * @throws MalformedInputException      if result represents malformed input
+     * @throws UnmappableCharacterException if result represents an unmappable character
+     */
+    private static void checkResult(CoderResult result) throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        if (result.isOverflow()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Byte buffer overflow; this should not happen.");
+        }
+        if (result.isMalformed()) {
+            throw new MalformedInputException(result.length());
+        }
+        if (result.isUnmappable()) {
+            throw new UnmappableCharacterException(result.length());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler {
+
+        private final StringBuilder stringBuilder;
+
+        public StringBuilderPercentEncoderOutputHandler() {
+            stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        }
+
+        public String getContents() {
+            return stringBuilder.toString();
+        }
+
+        public void reset() {
+            stringBuilder.setLength(0);
+        }
+
+        public void ensureCapacity(int length) {
+            stringBuilder.ensureCapacity(length);
+        }
+
+        public void onOutputChar(char c) {
+            stringBuilder.append(c);
+        }
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/util/UrlBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.util;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getFragmentEncoder;
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getMatrixEncoder;
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getPathEncoder;
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getQueryParamEncoder;
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getRegNameEncoder;
+import static org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlPercentEncoders.getUnstructuredQueryEncoder;
+
+/**
+ * Builder for urls with url-encoding applied to path, query param, etc.
+ *
+ * Escaping rules are from RFC 3986, RFC 1738 and the <a href ="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#form-content-type">HTML 4 spec</a>
+ * This means that this diverges from the canonical URI/URL rules for the sake of being what you want to actually make
+ * HTTP-useful URLs.
+ */
+public final class UrlBuilder {
+
+    /**
+     * IPv6 address, cribbed from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/46146/what-are-the-java-regular-expressions-for-matching-ipv4-and-ipv6-strings">StackOverflow</a>
+     */
+    private static final Pattern IPV6_PATTERN = Pattern
+            .compile(
+                    "\\A\\[((?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}(?::[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})*)?)::((?:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}(?::[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})*)?)]\\z");
+
+    /**
+     * IPv4 dotted quad
+     */
+    private static final Pattern IPV4_PATTERN = Pattern
+            .compile("\\A(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[0-1]?\\d?\\d)(\\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[0-1]?\\d?\\d)){3}\\z");
+
+    private final String scheme;
+
+    private final String host;
+
+    private final Integer port;
+
+    private final List<Pair<String, String>> queryParams = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    /**
+     * If this is non-null, queryParams must be empty, and vice versa.
+     */
+    private String unstructuredQuery;
+
+    private final List<PathSegment> pathSegments = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final PercentEncoder pathEncoder = getPathEncoder();
+    private final PercentEncoder regNameEncoder = getRegNameEncoder();
+    private final PercentEncoder matrixEncoder = getMatrixEncoder();
+    private final PercentEncoder queryParamEncoder = getQueryParamEncoder();
+    private final PercentEncoder unstructuredQueryEncoder = getUnstructuredQueryEncoder();
+    private final PercentEncoder fragmentEncoder = getFragmentEncoder();
+
+    private String fragment;
+
+    private boolean forceTrailingSlash = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a URL with UTF-8 encoding.
+     *
+     * @param scheme scheme (e.g. http)
+     * @param host   host (e.g. foo.com or 1.2.3.4 or [::1])
+     * @param port   null or a positive integer
+     */
+    private UrlBuilder(String scheme, String host, Integer port) {
+        this.host = host;
+        this.scheme = scheme;
+        this.port = port;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a URL with an null port and UTF-8 encoding.
+     *
+     * @param scheme scheme (e.g. http)
+     * @param host   host in any of the valid syntaxes: reg-name (a dns name), ipv4 literal (1.2.3.4), ipv6 literal
+     *               ([::1]), excluding IPvFuture since no one uses that in practice
+     * @return a url builder
+     * @see UrlBuilder#forHost(String scheme, String host, int port)
+     */
+    public static UrlBuilder forHost(String scheme,  String host) {
+        return new UrlBuilder(scheme, host, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param scheme scheme (e.g. http)
+     * @param host   host in any of the valid syntaxes: reg-name ( a dns name), ipv4 literal (1.2.3.4), ipv6 literal
+     *               ([::1]), excluding IPvFuture since no one uses that in practice
+     * @param port   port
+     * @return a url builder
+     */
+    public static UrlBuilder forHost(String scheme, String host, int port) {
+        return new UrlBuilder(scheme, host, port);
+    }
+
+    public static UrlBuilder fromUrl(String urlSpec) throws CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        return fromUrl(URI.create(urlSpec).toURL());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls {@link UrlBuilder#fromUrl(URL, CharsetDecoder)} with a UTF-8 CharsetDecoder. The same semantics about the
+     * query string apply.
+     *
+     * @param url url to initialize builder with
+     * @return a UrlBuilder containing the host, path, etc. from the url
+     * @throws CharacterCodingException if char decoding fails
+     * @see UrlBuilder#fromUrl(URL, CharsetDecoder)
+     */
+    public static UrlBuilder fromUrl(URL url) throws CharacterCodingException {
+        return fromUrl(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a UrlBuilder initialized with the contents of a {@link URL}.
+     *
+     * The query string will be parsed into HTML4 query params if it can be separated into a
+     * <code>&amp;</code>-separated sequence of <code>key=value</code> pairs. The sequence of query params can then be
+     * appended to by continuing to call {@link UrlBuilder#queryParam(String, String)}. The concept of query params is
+     * only part of the HTML spec (and common HTTP usage), though, so it's perfectly legal to have a query string that
+     * is in some other form. To represent this case, if the aforementioned param-parsing attempt fails, the query
+     * string will be treated as just a monolithic, unstructured, string. In this case, calls to {@link
+     * UrlBuilder#queryParam(String, String)} on the resulting instance will throw IllegalStateException, and only calls
+     * to {@link UrlBuilder#unstructuredQuery(String)}}, which replaces the entire query string, are allowed.
+     *
+     * @param url            url to initialize builder with
+     * @param charsetDecoder the decoder to decode encoded bytes with (except for reg names, which are always UTF-8)
+     * @return a UrlBuilder containing the host, path, etc. from the url
+     * @throws CharacterCodingException if decoding percent-encoded bytes fails and charsetDecoder is configured to
+     *                                  report errors
+     * @see UrlBuilder#fromUrl(URL, CharsetDecoder)
+     */
+    public static UrlBuilder fromUrl(URL url, CharsetDecoder charsetDecoder) throws
+            CharacterCodingException {
+
+        PercentDecoder decoder = new PercentDecoder(charsetDecoder);
+        // reg names must be encoded UTF-8
+        PercentDecoder regNameDecoder;
+        if (charsetDecoder.charset().equals(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+            regNameDecoder = decoder;
+        } else {
+            regNameDecoder = new PercentDecoder(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newDecoder());
+        }
+
+        Integer port = url.getPort();
+        if (port == -1) {
+            port = null;
+        }
+
+        UrlBuilder builder = new UrlBuilder(url.getProtocol(), regNameDecoder.decode(url.getHost()), port);
+
+        buildFromPath(builder, decoder, url);
+
+        buildFromQuery(builder, decoder, url);
+
+        if (url.getRef() != null) {
+            builder.fragment(decoder.decode(url.getRef()));
+        }
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a path segment.
+     *
+     * @param segment a path segment
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder pathSegment(String segment) {
+        pathSegments.add(new PathSegment(segment));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add multiple path segments. Equivalent to successive calls to {@link UrlBuilder#pathSegment(String)}.
+     *
+     * @param segments path segments
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder pathSegments(String... segments) {
+        for (String segment : segments) {
+            pathSegment(segment);
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an HTML query parameter. Query parameters will be encoded in the order added.
+     *
+     * Using query strings to encode key=value pairs is not part of the URI/URL specification; it is specified by
+     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#form-content-type">HTML 4</a>.
+     *
+     * If you use this method to build a query string, or created this builder from a url with a query string that can
+     * successfully be parsed into query param pairs, you cannot subsequently use {@link
+     * UrlBuilder#unstructuredQuery(String)}. See {@link UrlBuilder#fromUrl(URL, CharsetDecoder)}.
+     *
+     * @param name  param name
+     * @param value param value
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder queryParam(String name, String value) {
+        if (unstructuredQuery != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Cannot call queryParam() when this already has an unstructured query specified");
+        }
+
+        queryParams.add(Pair.of(name, value));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the complete query string of arbitrary structure. This is useful when you want to specify a query string that
+     * is not of key=value format. If the query has previously been set via this method, subsequent calls will overwrite
+     * that query.
+     *
+     * If you use this method, or create a builder from a URL whose query is not parseable into query param pairs, you
+     * cannot subsequently use {@link UrlBuilder#queryParam(String, String)}. See {@link UrlBuilder#fromUrl(URL,
+     * CharsetDecoder)}.
+     *
+     * @param query Complete URI query, as specified by <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.4">RFC 3986</a>.
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder unstructuredQuery(String query) {
+        if (!queryParams.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Cannot call unstructuredQuery() when this already has queryParam pairs specified");
+        }
+
+        unstructuredQuery = query;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear the unstructured query and any query params.
+     *
+     * Since the query / query param situation is a little complicated, this method will let you remove all query
+     * information and start again from scratch. This may be useful when taking an existing url, parsing it into a
+     * builder, and then re-doing its query params, for instance.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder clearQuery() {
+        queryParams.clear();
+        unstructuredQuery = null;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a matrix param to the last added path segment. If no segments have been added, the param will be added to the
+     * root. Matrix params will be encoded in the order added.
+     *
+     * @param name  param name
+     * @param value param value
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder matrixParam(String name, String value) {
+        if (pathSegments.isEmpty()) {
+            // create an empty path segment to represent a matrix param applied to the root
+            pathSegment("");
+        }
+
+        PathSegment seg = pathSegments.get(pathSegments.size() - 1);
+        seg.matrixParams.add(Pair.of(name, value));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the fragment.
+     *
+     * @param fragment fragment string
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder fragment(String fragment) {
+        this.fragment = fragment;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Force the generated URL to have a trailing slash at the end of the path.
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public UrlBuilder forceTrailingSlash() {
+        forceTrailingSlash = true;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public URL build() throws CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        return URI.create(toUrlString()).toURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode the current builder state into a URL string.
+     *
+     * @return a well-formed URL string
+     * @throws CharacterCodingException if character encoding fails and the encoder is configured to report errors
+     */
+    public String toUrlString() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+
+        buf.append(scheme);
+        buf.append("://");
+
+        buf.append(encodeHost(host));
+        if (port != null) {
+            buf.append(':');
+            buf.append(port);
+        }
+
+        for (PathSegment pathSegment : pathSegments) {
+            buf.append('/');
+            buf.append(pathEncoder.encode(pathSegment.segment));
+
+            for (Pair<String, String> matrixParam : pathSegment.matrixParams) {
+                buf.append(';');
+                buf.append(matrixEncoder.encode(matrixParam.getKey()));
+                buf.append('=');
+                buf.append(matrixEncoder.encode(matrixParam.getValue()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (forceTrailingSlash) {
+            buf.append('/');
+        }
+
+        if (!queryParams.isEmpty()) {
+            buf.append("?");
+            Iterator<Pair<String, String>> qpIter = queryParams.iterator();
+            while (qpIter.hasNext()) {
+                Pair<String, String> queryParam = qpIter.next();
+                buf.append(queryParamEncoder.encode(queryParam.getKey()));
+                buf.append('=');
+                buf.append(queryParamEncoder.encode(queryParam.getValue()));
+                if (qpIter.hasNext()) {
+                    buf.append('&');
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (unstructuredQuery != null) {
+            buf.append("?");
+            buf.append(unstructuredQueryEncoder.encode(unstructuredQuery));
+        }
+
+        if (fragment != null) {
+            buf.append('#');
+            buf.append(fragmentEncoder.encode(fragment));
+        }
+
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populate a url builder based on the query of a url
+     *
+     * @param builder builder
+     * @param decoder decoder
+     * @param url     url
+     * @throws CharacterCodingException
+     */
+    private static void buildFromQuery(UrlBuilder builder, PercentDecoder decoder, URL url) throws
+            CharacterCodingException {
+        if (url.getQuery() != null) {
+            String q = url.getQuery();
+
+            // try to parse into &-separated key=value pairs
+            List<Pair<String, String>> pairs = new ArrayList<>();
+            boolean parseOk = true;
+
+            for (String queryChunk : q.split("&")) {
+                String[] queryParamChunks = queryChunk.split("=");
+
+                if (queryParamChunks.length != 2) {
+                    parseOk = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                pairs.add(Pair.of(decoder.decode(queryParamChunks[0]),
+                        decoder.decode(queryParamChunks[1])));
+            }
+
+            if (parseOk) {
+                for (Pair<String, String> pair : pairs) {
+                    builder.queryParam(pair.getKey(), pair.getValue());
+                }
+            } else {
+                builder.unstructuredQuery(decoder.decode(q));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populate the path segments of a url builder from a url
+     *
+     * @param builder builder
+     * @param decoder decoder
+     * @param url     url
+     * @throws CharacterCodingException
+     */
+    private static void buildFromPath(UrlBuilder builder, PercentDecoder decoder, URL url) throws
+            CharacterCodingException {
+        for (String pathChunk : url.getPath().split("/")) {
+            if (pathChunk.equals("")) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (pathChunk.charAt(0) == ';') {
+                builder.pathSegment("");
+                // empty path segment, but matrix params
+                for (String matrixChunk : pathChunk.substring(1).split(";")) {
+                    buildFromMatrixParamChunk(decoder, builder, matrixChunk);
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // otherwise, path chunk is non empty and does not start with a ';'
+
+            String[] matrixChunks = pathChunk.split(";");
+
+            // first chunk is always the path segment. If there is a trailing ; and no matrix params, the ; will
+            // not be included in the final url.
+            builder.pathSegment(decoder.decode(matrixChunks[0]));
+
+            // if there any other chunks, they're matrix param pairs
+            for (int i = 1; i < matrixChunks.length; i++) {
+                buildFromMatrixParamChunk(decoder, builder, matrixChunks[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void buildFromMatrixParamChunk(PercentDecoder decoder, UrlBuilder ub, String pathMatrixChunk) throws
+            CharacterCodingException {
+        String[] mtxPair = pathMatrixChunk.split("=");
+        if (mtxPair.length != 2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed matrix param: <" + pathMatrixChunk + ">");
+        }
+
+        String mtxName = mtxPair[0];
+        String mtxVal = mtxPair[1];
+        ub.matrixParam(decoder.decode(mtxName), decoder.decode(mtxVal));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param host original host string
+     * @return host encoded as in RFC 3986 section 3.2.2
+     */
+    private String encodeHost(String host) throws CharacterCodingException {
+        // matching order: IP-literal, IPv4, reg-name
+        if (IPV4_PATTERN.matcher(host).matches() || IPV6_PATTERN.matcher(host).matches()) {
+            return host;
+        }
+
+        // it's a reg-name, which MUST be encoded as UTF-8 (regardless of the rest of the URL)
+        return regNameEncoder.encode(host);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bundle of a path segment name and any associated matrix params.
+     */
+    private static class PathSegment {
+        private final String segment;
+        private final List<Pair<String, String>> matrixParams = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        PathSegment(String segment) {
+            this.segment = segment;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Pair<K,V> {
+
+        K key;
+
+        V value;
+
+        Pair(K key, V value) {
+            this.key = key;
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+
+        static <K,V> Pair<K,V> of(K key, V value) {
+            return new Pair<>(key, value);
+        }
+
+        K getKey() {
+            return key;
+        }
+
+        V getValue() {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/client/util/UrlPercentEncoders.java

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.util;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+import static java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction.REPLACE;
+
+/**
+ * See RFC 3986, RFC 1738 and http://www.lunatech-research.com/archives/2009/02/03/what-every-web-developer-must-know-about-url-encoding.
+ */
+public final class UrlPercentEncoders {
+
+    /**
+     * an encoder for RFC 3986 reg-names
+     */
+
+    private static final BitSet REG_NAME_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+
+    private static final BitSet PATH_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+    private static final BitSet MATRIX_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+    private static final BitSet UNSTRUCTURED_QUERY_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+    private static final BitSet QUERY_PARAM_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+    private static final BitSet FRAGMENT_BIT_SET = new BitSet();
+
+    static {
+        // RFC 3986 'reg-name'. This is not very aggressive... it's quite possible to have DNS-illegal names out of this.
+        // Regardless, it will at least be URI-compliant even if it's not HTTP URL-compliant.
+        addUnreserved(REG_NAME_BIT_SET);
+        addSubdelims(REG_NAME_BIT_SET);
+
+        // Represents RFC 3986 'pchar'. Remove delimiter that starts matrix section.
+        addPChar(PATH_BIT_SET);
+        PATH_BIT_SET.clear((int) ';');
+
+        // Remove delims for HTTP matrix params as per RFC 1738 S3.3. The other reserved chars ('/' and '?') are already excluded.
+        addPChar(MATRIX_BIT_SET);
+        MATRIX_BIT_SET.clear((int) ';');
+        MATRIX_BIT_SET.clear((int) '=');
+
+        /*
+         * At this point it represents RFC 3986 'query'. http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4.1 also
+         * specifies that "+" can mean space in a query, so we will make sure to say that '+' is not safe to leave as-is
+         */
+        addQuery(UNSTRUCTURED_QUERY_BIT_SET);
+        UNSTRUCTURED_QUERY_BIT_SET.clear((int) '+');
+
+        /*
+         * Create more stringent requirements for HTML4 queries: remove delimiters for HTML query params so that key=value
+         * pairs can be used.
+         */
+        QUERY_PARAM_BIT_SET.or(UNSTRUCTURED_QUERY_BIT_SET);
+        QUERY_PARAM_BIT_SET.clear((int) '=');
+        QUERY_PARAM_BIT_SET.clear((int) '&');
+
+        addFragment(FRAGMENT_BIT_SET);
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getRegNameEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(REG_NAME_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getPathEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(PATH_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getMatrixEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(MATRIX_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getUnstructuredQueryEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(UNSTRUCTURED_QUERY_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getQueryParamEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(QUERY_PARAM_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    public static PercentEncoder getFragmentEncoder() {
+        return new PercentEncoder(FRAGMENT_BIT_SET, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+                .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    private UrlPercentEncoders() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add code points for 'fragment' chars
+     *
+     * @param fragmentBitSet bit set
+     */
+    private static void addFragment(BitSet fragmentBitSet) {
+        addPChar(fragmentBitSet);
+        fragmentBitSet.set((int) '/');
+        fragmentBitSet.set((int) '?');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add code points for 'query' chars
+     *
+     * @param queryBitSet bit set
+     */
+    private static void addQuery(BitSet queryBitSet) {
+        addPChar(queryBitSet);
+        queryBitSet.set((int) '/');
+        queryBitSet.set((int) '?');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add code points for 'pchar' chars.
+     *
+     * @param bs bitset
+     */
+    private static void addPChar(BitSet bs) {
+        addUnreserved(bs);
+        addSubdelims(bs);
+        bs.set((int) ':');
+        bs.set((int) '@');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add codepoints for 'unreserved' chars
+     *
+     * @param bs bitset to add codepoints to
+     */
+    private static void addUnreserved(BitSet bs) {
+
+        for (int i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+        for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+        for (int i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+        bs.set((int) '-');
+        bs.set((int) '.');
+        bs.set((int) '_');
+        bs.set((int) '~');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add codepoints for 'sub-delims' chars
+     *
+     * @param bs bitset to add codepoints to
+     */
+    private static void addSubdelims(BitSet bs) {
+        bs.set((int) '!');
+        bs.set((int) '$');
+        bs.set((int) '&');
+        bs.set((int) '\'');
+        bs.set((int) '(');
+        bs.set((int) ')');
+        bs.set((int) '*');
+        bs.set((int) '+');
+        bs.set((int) ',');
+        bs.set((int) ';');
+        bs.set((int) '=');
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/test/java/module-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+module org.xbib.oai.client.test {
+    requires java.logging;
+    requires org.junit.jupiter.api;
+    requires org.xbib.marc;
+    requires org.xbib.oai;
+    requires org.xbib.oai.client;
+    opens org.xbib.oai.client.test to org.junit.platform.commons;
+}

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/DNBClientTest.java

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package org.xbib.oai.client;
-
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyResponse;
-import org.xbib.oai.xml.SimpleMetadataHandler;
-
-import java.time.Instant;
-import java.time.ZoneId;
-import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
-import java.util.logging.Level;
-import java.util.logging.Logger;
-
-class DNBClientTest {
-
-    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DNBClientTest.class.getName());
-
-    @Test
-    void testBibdatFileDump() throws Exception {
-        OAIClient oaiClient = new OAIClient("http://services.dnb.de/oai/repository");
-        Instant from = Instant.parse("2021-02-01T00:00:00Z");
-        Instant until = Instant.parse("2021-03-01T00:00:00Z");
-        Instant base = Instant.parse("2010-01-01T00:00:00Z");
-        SplitWriter splitWriter =  new SplitWriter("build/dnb-bib-pica-%d.xml", -1, 8192, false);
-        oaiClient.setSplitWriter(splitWriter);
-        oaiClient.listRecords("PicaPlus-xml", "bib",
-                    null, from, until, base,
-                    null, null);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testBibdatSimpleMetadataHandler() throws Exception {
-        OAIClient oaiClient = new OAIClient("http://services.dnb.de/oai/repository");
-        IdentifyResponse identifyResponse = oaiClient.identify();
-        String granularity = identifyResponse.getGranularity();
-        logger.log(Level.INFO, "granularity = " + granularity);
-        DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = "YYYY-MM-DD".equals(granularity) ?
-                DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd").withZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")) : null;
-        Handler handler = new Handler();
-            oaiClient.listRecords("PicaPlus-xml", "bib",
-                    dateTimeFormatter, Instant.parse("2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"), Instant.parse("2016-01-10T00:00:00Z"), null,
-                    handler, null);
-        logger.log(Level.INFO, "count=" + handler.count());
-        assertTrue(handler.count() > 0);
-    }
-
-    static class Handler extends SimpleMetadataHandler {
-
-        final AtomicLong count = new AtomicLong(0L);
-
-        @Override
-        public void startDocument() {
-            logger.log(Level.INFO, "start doc");
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void endDocument() {
-            logger.log(Level.INFO, "end doc");
-            count.incrementAndGet();
-        }
-
-        long count() {
-            return count.get();
-        }
-    }
-}

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Classes for testing OAI client.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.client;

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/ArxivClientTest.java

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-package org.xbib.oai.client;
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.OAIClient;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.SplitWriter;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyResponse;
 import org.xbib.oai.xml.SimpleMetadataHandler;
 

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/BundeskunsthalleTest.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-package org.xbib.oai.client;
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.xbib.marc.Marc;
 import org.xbib.marc.json.MarcJsonWriter;
 import org.xbib.marc.xml.MarcContentHandler;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.OAIClient;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyResponse;
 import org.xbib.oai.exceptions.OAIException;
 
@@ -15,12 +17,12 @@ import java.util.EnumSet;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
+@Disabled("takes long time")
 class BundeskunsthalleTest {
 
     private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BundeskunsthalleTest.class.getName());
 
     @Test
-     //    @Disabled("takes long time")
     void testListRecords() throws Exception {
         OAIClient oaiClient = new OAIClient("https://www.bundeskunsthalle.de/cgi-bin/bib/oai-pmh");
         IdentifyResponse identifyResponse = oaiClient.identify();
@@ -28,8 +30,8 @@ class BundeskunsthalleTest {
         logger.log(Level.INFO, "granularity = " + granularity);
         DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = "YYYY-MM-DD".equals(granularity) ?
                 DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd").withZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")) : null;
-        try (MarcJsonWriter writer = new MarcJsonWriter("build/bk-bulk%d.jsonl", 1000,
-                EnumSet.of(MarcJsonWriter.Style.ELASTICSEARCH_BULK), 65536, false)
+        try (MarcJsonWriter writer = new MarcJsonWriter("build/bk-bulk%d.jsonl", 1000, 8192, false)
+                .setStyle(EnumSet.of(MarcJsonWriter.Style.ELASTICSEARCH_BULK))
                 .setIndex("bk", "type")) {
             writer.startDocument();
             writer.beginCollection();

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/DNBClientTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.OAIClient;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.SplitWriter;
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+@Disabled("port is locked")
+class DNBClientTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void testBibdatFileDump() throws Exception {
+        OAIClient oaiClient = new OAIClient("http://services.dnb.de/oai/repository");
+        Instant from = Instant.parse("2021-02-01T00:00:00Z");
+        Instant until = Instant.parse("2021-03-01T00:00:00Z");
+        Instant base = Instant.parse("2010-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+        SplitWriter splitWriter =  new SplitWriter("build/dnb-bib-pica-%d.xml", -1, 8192, false);
+        oaiClient.setSplitWriter(splitWriter);
+        oaiClient.listRecords("PicaPlus-xml", "bib",
+                    null, from, until, base,
+                    null, null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testBibdatSimpleMetadataHandler() throws Exception {
+        OAIClient oaiClient = new OAIClient("http://services.dnb.de/oai/repository");
+        oaiClient.setUserAgent("Hochschulbibliothekszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen (prante@hbz-nrw.de)");
+        Instant base = Instant.parse("2010-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+
+        SplitWriter splitWriter = new SplitWriter("build/bibdat-test-%d.xml", -1, 8192, false);
+        oaiClient.setSplitWriter(splitWriter);
+        oaiClient.listRecords("PicaPlus-xml", "bib", null,
+                Instant.parse("2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+                Instant.parse("2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"),
+                base, null, null);
+    }
+
+}

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/DOAJClientTest.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-package org.xbib.oai.client;
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.OAIClient;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.SplitWriter;
 import org.xbib.oai.client.identify.IdentifyResponse;
 import org.xbib.oai.xml.SimpleMetadataHandler;
 
@@ -23,13 +25,15 @@ class DOAJClientTest {
         IdentifyResponse identifyResponse = oaiClient.identify();
         String granularity = identifyResponse.getGranularity();
         logger.log(Level.INFO, "granularity = " + granularity);
-        DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = "YYYY-MM-DD".equals(granularity) ?
-                    DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd").withZone(ZoneId.of("GMT")) : null;
+        // override granularity because of "bad arguments" error. Seems DOAJ is unable to manage it's own declared granularity.
+        DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd").withZone(ZoneId.of("GMT"));
         Handler handler = new Handler();
         SplitWriter splitWriter = new SplitWriter("build/doaj-%d.xml", -1, 8192, false);
         oaiClient.setSplitWriter(splitWriter);
+        Instant to = Instant.now();
+        Instant from = to.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).minusMonths(1).toInstant();
         oaiClient.listRecords("oai_dc", null,
-                    dateTimeFormatter,Instant.parse("2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"), Instant.parse("2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"), null,
+                    dateTimeFormatter, from, to, null,
                     handler, null);
         logger.log(Level.INFO, "count = " + handler.count());
         assertTrue(handler.count() > 0);

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/PercentEncoderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.util.PercentEncoder;
+
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+import java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.charset.UnmappableCharacterException;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+
+import static java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction.REPLACE;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+public final class PercentEncoderTest {
+
+    private static PercentEncoder alnum;
+    private static PercentEncoder alnum16;
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    public static void setUp() {
+        BitSet bs = new BitSet();
+        for (int i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+        for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+        for (int i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {
+            bs.set(i);
+        }
+
+        alnum = new PercentEncoder(bs, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+            .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+        alnum16 = new PercentEncoder(bs, StandardCharsets.UTF_16BE.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+            .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoesntEncodeSafe() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        BitSet set = new BitSet();
+        for (int i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
+            set.set(i);
+        }
+
+        PercentEncoder pe = new PercentEncoder(set, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder().onMalformedInput(REPLACE)
+            .onUnmappableCharacter(REPLACE));
+        assertEquals("abcd%41%42%43%44", pe.encode("abcdABCD"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeInBetweenSafe() throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        assertEquals("abc%20123", alnum.encode("abc 123"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSafeInBetweenEncoded() throws MalformedInputException, UnmappableCharacterException {
+        assertEquals("%20abc%20", alnum.encode(" abc "));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeUtf8() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        // 1 UTF-16 char (unicode snowman)
+        assertEquals("snowman%E2%98%83", alnum.encode("snowman\u2603"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeUtf8SurrogatePair() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        // musical G clef: 1d11e, has to be represented in surrogate pair form
+        assertEquals("clef%F0%9D%84%9E", alnum.encode("clef\ud834\udd1e"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeUtf16() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        // 1 UTF-16 char (unicode snowman)
+        assertEquals("snowman%26%03", alnum16.encode("snowman\u2603"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlEncodedUtf16SurrogatePair() throws CharacterCodingException {
+        // musical G clef: 1d11e, has to be represented in surrogate pair form
+        assertEquals("clef%D8%34%DD%1E", alnum16.encode("clef\ud834\udd1e"));
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/test/java/org/xbib/oai/client/test/UrlBuilderTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+package org.xbib.oai.client.test;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.xbib.oai.client.util.UrlBuilder;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
+
+public final class UrlBuilderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoUrlParts() throws Exception {
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com", UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWithPort() throws Exception {
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com:33", UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com", 33).toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSimplePath() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.pathSegment("seg1").pathSegment("seg2");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/seg1/seg2", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPathWithReserved() throws Exception {
+        // RFC 1738 S3.3
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.pathSegment("seg/;?ment").pathSegment("seg=&2");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/seg%2F%3B%3Fment/seg=&2", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPathSegments() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.pathSegments("seg1", "seg2", "seg3");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/seg1/seg2/seg3", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMatrixWithoutPathHasLeadingSlash() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.matrixParam("foo", "bar");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/;foo=bar", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMatrixWithReserved() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com")
+                .pathSegment("foo")
+                .matrixParam("foo", "bar")
+                .matrixParam("res;=?#/erved", "value")
+                .pathSegment("baz");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/foo;foo=bar;res%3B%3D%3F%23%2Ferved=value/baz", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlEncodedPathSegmentUtf8() throws Exception {
+        // 1 UTF-16 char
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.pathSegment("snowman").pathSegment("\u2603");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/snowman/%E2%98%83", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlEncodedPathSegmentUtf8SurrogatePair() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        // musical G clef: 1d11e, has to be represented in surrogate pair form
+        ub.pathSegment("clef").pathSegment("\ud834\udd1e");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/clef/%F0%9D%84%9E", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryParamNoPath() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar");
+        String s = ub.toUrlString();
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?foo=bar", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryParamsDuplicated() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar2");
+        ub.queryParam("baz", "quux");
+        ub.queryParam("baz", "quux2");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?foo=bar&foo=bar2&baz=quux&baz=quux2", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeQueryParams() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar&=#baz");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar?/2");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?foo=bar%26%3D%23baz&foo=bar?/2", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeQueryParamWithSpaceAndPlus() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "spa ce");
+        ub.queryParam("fo+o", "plus+");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?foo=spa%20ce&fo%2Bo=plus%2B", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPlusInVariousParts() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+
+        ub.pathSegment("has+plus")
+                .matrixParam("plusMtx", "pl+us")
+                .queryParam("plusQp", "pl+us")
+                .fragment("plus+frag");
+
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/has+plus;plusMtx=pl+us?plusQp=pl%2Bus#plus+frag", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFragment() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com");
+        ub.queryParam("foo", "bar");
+        ub.fragment("#frag/?");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?foo=bar#%23frag/?", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAllParts() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("https", "foo.bar.com", 3333);
+        ub.pathSegment("foo");
+        ub.pathSegment("bar");
+        ub.matrixParam("mtx1", "val1");
+        ub.matrixParam("mtx2", "val2");
+        ub.queryParam("q1", "v1");
+        ub.queryParam("q2", "v2");
+        ub.fragment("zomg it's a fragment");
+
+        assertEquals("https://foo.bar.com:3333/foo/bar;mtx1=val1;mtx2=val2?q1=v1&q2=v2#zomg%20it's%20a%20fragment",
+                ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIPv4Literal() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "127.0.0.1");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://127.0.0.1", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBadIPv4LiteralDoesntChoke() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "300.100.50.1");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://300.100.50.1", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIPv6LiteralLocalhost() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "[::1]");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://[::1]", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIPv6Literal() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "[2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334]");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://[2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334]", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodedRegNameSingleByte() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "host?name;");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://host%3Fname;", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodedRegNameMultiByte() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "snow\u2603man");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://snow%E2%98%83man", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForceTrailingSlash() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("https", "foo.com").forceTrailingSlash().pathSegments("a", "b", "c");
+
+        assertUrlEquals("https://foo.com/a/b/c/", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForceTrailingSlashWithQueryParams() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub =
+                UrlBuilder.forHost("https", "foo.com").forceTrailingSlash().pathSegments("a", "b", "c").queryParam("foo", "bar");
+
+        assertUrlEquals("https://foo.com/a/b/c/?foo=bar", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForceTrailingSlashNoPathSegmentsWithMatrixParams() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("https", "foo.com").forceTrailingSlash().matrixParam("m1", "v1");
+
+        assertUrlEquals("https://foo.com/;m1=v1/", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntermingledMatrixParamsAndPathSegments() throws Exception {
+
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com")
+                .pathSegments("seg1", "seg2")
+                .matrixParam("m1", "v1")
+                .pathSegment("seg3")
+                .matrixParam("m2", "v2");
+
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com/seg1/seg2;m1=v1/seg3;m2=v2", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEverything() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        String orig =
+                "https://foo.bar.com:3333/foo/ba%20r;mtx1=val1;mtx2=val%202/seg%203;m2=v2?q1=v1&q2=v%202#zomg%20it's%20a%20fragment";
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip(orig);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPath() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPathAndSlash() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/", "http://foo.com");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithPort() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com:1234");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPathSegent() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo//", "http://foo.com/foo");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedHost() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://f%20oo.com/bar");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedPathSegment() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo/b%20ar");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedMatrixParam() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo;m1=v1;m%202=v%202");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedQueryParam() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo?q%201=v%202&q2=v2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedQueryParamDelimiter() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo?q1=%3Dv1&%26q2=v2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEncodedFragment() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo#b%20ar");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithMalformedMatrixPair() throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException {
+        try {
+            UrlBuilder.fromUrl("http://foo.com/foo;m1=v1=v2");
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertEquals("Malformed matrix param: <m1=v1=v2>", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPathSegmentWithMatrixParams() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo/;m1=v1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPathWithMatrixParams() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/;m1=v1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithEmptyPathWithMultipleMatrixParams() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/;m1=v1;m2=v2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlWithPathSegmentEndingWithSemicolon() throws URISyntaxException, CharacterCodingException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo;", "http://foo.com/foo");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPercentDecodeInvalidPair() throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException {
+        try {
+            UrlBuilder.fromUrl("http://foo.com/fo%2o");
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Malformed escape pair"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlMalformedQueryParamMultiValues() throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException, URISyntaxException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo?q1=v1=v2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlMalformedQueryParamNoValue() throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException, URISyntaxException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo?q1=v1&q2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromUrlUnstructuredQueryWithEscapedChars() throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException, URISyntaxException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip("http://foo.com/foo?query==&%23");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCantUseQueryParamAfterQuery() {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").unstructuredQuery("q");
+
+        try {
+            ub.queryParam("foo", "bar");
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            assertEquals("Cannot call queryParam() when this already has an unstructured query specified",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCantUseQueryAfterQueryParam() {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").queryParam("foo", "bar");
+
+        try {
+            ub.unstructuredQuery("q");
+
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            assertEquals("Cannot call unstructuredQuery() when this already has queryParam pairs specified",
+                    e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnstructuredQueryWithNoSpecialChars() throws Exception {
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?q", UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").unstructuredQuery("q").toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnstructuredQueryWithOkSpecialChars() throws Exception {
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?q?/&=", UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").unstructuredQuery("q?/&=").toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnstructuredQueryWithEscapedSpecialChars() throws Exception {
+        assertUrlEquals("http://foo.com?q%23%2B", UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "foo.com").unstructuredQuery("q#+").toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearQueryRemovesQueryParam() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "host")
+                .queryParam("foo", "bar")
+                .clearQuery();
+        assertUrlEquals("http://host", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearQueryRemovesUnstructuredQuery() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "host")
+                .unstructuredQuery("foobar")
+                .clearQuery();
+        assertUrlEquals("http://host", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearQueryAfterQueryParamAllowsQuery() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "host")
+                .queryParam("foo", "bar")
+                .clearQuery()
+                .unstructuredQuery("foobar");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://host?foobar", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearQueryAfterQueryAllowsQueryParam() throws Exception {
+        UrlBuilder ub = UrlBuilder.forHost("http", "host")
+                .unstructuredQuery("foobar")
+                .clearQuery()
+                .queryParam("foo", "bar");
+        assertUrlEquals("http://host?foo=bar", ub.toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    private void assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip(String url) throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException, URISyntaxException {
+        assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip(url, url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param origUrl  the url that will be used to create a URL
+     * @param finalUrl the URL string it should end up as
+     */
+    private void assertUrlBuilderRoundtrip(String origUrl, String finalUrl) throws MalformedURLException, CharacterCodingException, URISyntaxException {
+        URL url = URI.create(origUrl).toURL();
+        assertUrlEquals(finalUrl, UrlBuilder.fromUrl(url).toUrlString());
+    }
+
+    private static void assertUrlEquals(String expected, String actual) throws URISyntaxException, MalformedURLException {
+        assertEquals(expected, actual);
+        assertEquals(expected, new URI(actual).toString());
+        assertEquals(expected, URI.create(actual).toURL().toString());
+    }
+}

oai-client/src/test/resources/logging.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+handlers=java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
+.level=ALL
+java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter.format=%1$tY-%1$tm-%1$td %1$tH:%1$tM:%1$tS.%1$tL %4$-7s [%3$s] %5$s %6$s%n
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level=ALL
+java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter=java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter
+jdk.event.security.level=INFO
+jdk.internal.httpclient.hpack.debug.level=INFO
+jdk.internal.httpclient.debug.level=INFO

oai-common/build.gradle

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 dependencies {
-    api "org.xbib:content-core:${project.property('xbib-content.version')}"
-    api "org.xbib:content-rdf:${project.property('xbib-content.version')}"
-    api "org.xbib:content-resource:${project.property('xbib-content.version')}"
-    api "org.xbib:content-xml:${project.property('xbib-content.version')}"
+    api libs.content.core
+    api libs.content.rdf
+    api libs.content.resource
+    api libs.content.xml
 }

oai-common/src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ module org.xbib.oai {
     exports org.xbib.oai.rdf;
     exports org.xbib.oai.util;
     exports org.xbib.oai.xml;
-    requires org.xbib.content.core;
-    requires org.xbib.content.rdf;
-    requires org.xbib.content.resource;
-    requires org.xbib.content.xml;
+    requires transitive org.xbib.content.rdf;
     requires java.xml;
 }

oai-common/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/util/RecordHeader.java

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ package org.xbib.oai.util;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class RecordHeader {
 
     private String identifier;
@@ -12,7 +9,10 @@ public class RecordHeader {
     private Instant date;
     
     private String set;
-    
+
+    public RecordHeader() {
+    }
+
     public RecordHeader setIdentifier(String identifier) {
         this.identifier = identifier;
         return this;

oai-common/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/xml/SimpleMetadataHandler.java

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ package org.xbib.oai.xml;
 import org.xbib.content.xml.util.XMLFilterReader;
 import org.xbib.oai.util.RecordHeader;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class SimpleMetadataHandler extends XMLFilterReader implements MetadataHandler {
     
     private RecordHeader header;
 
+    public SimpleMetadataHandler() {
+    }
+
     @Override
     public SimpleMetadataHandler setHeader(RecordHeader header) {
         this.header = header;

oai-common/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/xml/XmlSimpleMetadataHandler.java

@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
 import javax.xml.stream.events.Attribute;
 import javax.xml.stream.events.Namespace;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class XmlSimpleMetadataHandler extends SimpleMetadataHandler implements OAIConstants {
 
     private static final XMLOutputFactory outputFactory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();
@@ -45,6 +42,9 @@ public class XmlSimpleMetadataHandler extends SimpleMetadataHandler implements O
 
     private boolean needToCallStartDocument = false;
 
+    public XmlSimpleMetadataHandler() {
+    }
+
     public XmlSimpleMetadataHandler setWriter(Writer writer) throws XMLStreamException {
         this.writer = writer;
         outputFactory.setProperty("javax.xml.stream.isRepairingNamespaces", Boolean.TRUE);

oai-server/src/main/java/module-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import org.xbib.oai.server.OAIServer;
+
+module org.xbib.oai.server.main {
+    requires java.logging;
+    requires transitive java.xml;
+    requires transitive org.xbib.oai;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.getrecord;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.identify;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.listidentifiers;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.listmetadataformats;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.listrecords;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.listsets;
+    exports org.xbib.oai.server.verb;
+    uses OAIServer;
+}

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/AbstractOAIRequest.java

@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public abstract class AbstractOAIRequest implements OAIRequest {
 
     private String path;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/AbstractOAIResponse.java

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractOAIResponse implements OAIResponse {
 
     private XMLEventConsumer consumer;
 
+    public AbstractOAIResponse() {
+    }
+
     public AbstractOAIResponse setConsumer(XMLEventConsumer consumer) {
         this.consumer = consumer;
         return this;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/OAIServiceFactory.java

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class OAIServiceFactory {
 
     private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(OAIServiceFactory.class.getName());

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/PropertiesOAIServer.java

@@ -15,13 +15,11 @@ import org.xbib.oai.server.listsets.ListSetsServerRequest;
 import org.xbib.oai.server.listsets.ListSetsServerResponse;
 
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URI;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Properties;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class PropertiesOAIServer implements OAIServer {
 
     private static final String ADAPTER_URI = "uri";
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ public class PropertiesOAIServer implements OAIServer {
 
     private static final String GRANULARITY = "identify.granularity";
 
-    private Properties properties;
+    private final Properties properties;
 
     public PropertiesOAIServer(Properties properties) {
         this.properties = properties;
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ public class PropertiesOAIServer implements OAIServer {
     @Override
     public URL getURL() {
         try {
-            return new URL(properties.getProperty(ADAPTER_URI).trim());
+            return URI.create(properties.getProperty(ADAPTER_URI).trim()).toURL();
         } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
             //
         }
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ public class PropertiesOAIServer implements OAIServer {
     @Override
     public URL getBaseURL() {
         try {
-            return new URL(properties.getProperty(BASE_URL));
+            return URI.create(properties.getProperty(BASE_URL)).toURL();
         } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
             return null;
         }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/getrecord/GetRecordServerRequest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.getrecord;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class GetRecordServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    public GetRecordServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/getrecord/GetRecordServerResponse.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.getrecord;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIResponse;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class GetRecordServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
+
+    public GetRecordServerResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/getrecord/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI get record.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.getrecord;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/identify/IdentifyServerRequest.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.identify;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class IdentifyServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
+
+    public IdentifyServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/identify/IdentifyServerResponse.java

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.List;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class IdentifyServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
     private String repositoryName;
@@ -18,7 +15,7 @@ public class IdentifyServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
     private String protocolVersion;
 
-    private List<String> adminEmails = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<String> adminEmails = new ArrayList<>();
 
     private Date earliestDatestamp;
 
@@ -28,6 +25,9 @@ public class IdentifyServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
     private String compression;
 
+    public IdentifyServerResponse() {
+    }
+
     public void setRepositoryName(String repositoryName) {
         this.repositoryName = repositoryName;
     }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/identify/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI identify verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.identify;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listidentifiers/ListIdentifiersServerRequest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listidentifiers;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListIdentifiersServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    public ListIdentifiersServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listidentifiers/ListIdentifiersServerResponse.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listidentifiers;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIResponse;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListIdentifiersServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
+    public ListIdentifiersServerResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listidentifiers/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list identifiers verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.listidentifiers;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listmetadataformats/ListMetadataFormatsServerRequest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listmetadataformats;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListMetadataFormatsServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    public ListMetadataFormatsServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listmetadataformats/ListMetadataFormatsServerResponse.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listmetadataformats;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIResponse;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListMetadataFormatsServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
+    public ListMetadataFormatsServerResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listmetadataformats/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list metadata formats verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.listmetadataformats;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listrecords/ListRecordsServerRequest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listrecords;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListRecordsServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    public ListRecordsServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listrecords/ListRecordsServerResponse.java

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIResponse;
 
 import java.util.Date;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListRecordsServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
     private String error;
@@ -15,6 +12,9 @@ public class ListRecordsServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
 
     private long expire;
 
+    public ListRecordsServerResponse() {
+    }
+
     public void setError(String error) {
         this.error = error;
     }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listrecords/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list records verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.listrecords;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listsets/ListSetsServerRequest.java

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listsets;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIRequest;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListSetsServerRequest extends AbstractOAIRequest {
 
+    public ListSetsServerRequest() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listsets/ListSetsServerResponse.java

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package org.xbib.oai.server.listsets;
 
 import org.xbib.oai.server.AbstractOAIResponse;
 
-/**
- *
- */
 public class ListSetsServerResponse extends AbstractOAIResponse {
+
+    public ListSetsServerResponse() {
+    }
 }

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/listsets/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * OAI list sets verb.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.listsets;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Classes for OAI server.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server;

oai-server/src/main/java/org/xbib/oai/server/verb/package-info.java

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Classes for OAI server verbs.
- */
-package org.xbib.oai.server.verb;